3D-topography of cell nuclei in a vertebrate retina—A confocal and two-photon microscopic study

Koch, Petra Christiane; Seebacher, Christian; Heß, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.01.030

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Considering that the distribution map of different cones across the retina is not uniform (Koch et al, 2010;Novales Flamarique, 2011;Zueva and Govardovskii, 1991) and given our MSP results, a pattern for the gene expression in cones can be outlined. In the central component of the triple cones the short-wave subclass of the RH2 gene is expressed; furthermore, in both lateral components of the triple cones a combination of the long-wave subclass of RH2 and the LWS genes are expressed.…”

Section: Gene Expression In Different Cone Typesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Three cone opsin genes determine the properties of the visual spectra in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Engraulidae, Teleostei)

Kondrashev

Miyazaki

Lamash

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYA complement of cone visual pigments was identified in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, one of the engraulid fish species that has a retina specialized for polarization and color vision. The nature of the chromophore bound to opsin proteins was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The opsin genes were then cloned and sequenced, and the absorption spectra of different types of cones were obtained by microspectrophotometry. Two green (EJ-RH2-1, EJ-RH2-2) and one red (EJ-LWS) cone opsin genes were identified and are presumably related to the vitamin A1-based visual pigments (i.

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Section: Gene Expression In Different Cone Typesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Three cone opsin genes determine the properties of the visual spectra in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Engraulidae, Teleostei)

Kondrashev

Miyazaki

Lamash

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…3A, 4A) were prepared, photographed, and cut into nine sectors. After we had embedded the retinal sectors in 4% agarose, radial 45 μm slices were cut with a Leica VT1000S vibratome, and two slices along the bisecting line of each sector were kept in PB for further processing (see also Koch et al,2010: Figs. 2A,B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the histology and fine structure of the outer retina (i.e., the layer between pigment epithelium and outer limiting membrane) of anchovies has been well examined (Fineran and Nicol,1978; Zueva,1980; Haacke et al,2001; Heß et al,2002,2006; Heß,2009), the morphological organization of the inner retina between outer and inner limiting membrane has been investigated so far only in outline (O'Connell,1963; Heß et al,2002). A feasible method to elucidate the organization of the inner retina in more detail and to learn more about species‐specific adaptations of the visual system to the demands of visually guided behavior in the photic habitat is the local and global analysis of cell densities and cell density ratios via analysis of the three‐dimensional arrangement of cell nuclei as introduced by Koch et al (2010). Because neighboring retinal neurons are synaptically linked in radial and horizontal direction, the nuclear pattern indirectly mirrors some wiring rules of local retinal subvolumes (e.g., convergence, parallel processing).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the preparatory study of Koch et al (2010), we apply optical sectioning fluorescence microscopy and analysis of 3D patterns of cell nuclei to the retina of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus , to get a thorough picture of the topography and ratios of most retinal cell types. Pure DNA staining of cell nuclei, however, allows for only a rough classification of different retinal cell types (via position, size, shape, and fluorescence staining pattern); the discrimination of rod vs. cone bipolars, ganglion cells vs. displaced amacrines, or Müller cells vs. amacrines remains highly uncertain if not impossible.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Topographic mapping of retinal neurons in the european anchovy by nuclear staining and immunohistochemistry

Koch

Heß

2011

J of Neuroscience Research

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The anchovy retina is unique among vertebrates in being designed for polarization-contrast vision and has a marked cone area in the ventrotemporal quadrant for acute vision in the frontal field of view. Whereas cone topography and fine structure have been well examined in the European anchovy, the morphological organization of its inner retina is poorly understood so far. Using fluorescence staining of cell nuclei in combination with antibody stainings, the 3D pattern of cell nuclei was recorded coevally in all three retinal cell layers by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the topographies of several neuron types were mapped separately across the retina. Cell classification and quantification succeeded for rods, cones, three types of horizontal cells (H1-3), rod and cone bipolars, amacrines, ganglion cells, and displaced amacrines as well as Müller cells; moreover, the morphology of H1 horizontal cells (calretinin-positive), rod bipolars (protein kinase C-positive), and a subtype of cone bipolars (parvalbumin-positive) is shown. Most cell types follow the cone topography, with a cell density maximum in the ventrotemporal quadrant (e.g., 730 cones, 2,800 cone bipolars, 230 GCL cells per 10(4) μm(2) ), showing their affiliation to the photopic system, except rods and rod bipolars (showing a cell density minimum in the cone area). The correlation of density maps of different cell types provides insight into convergence and divergence patterns in cone and rod pathways.

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“…Multiple simultaneous recording electrodes are currently being used to record 'waves' of activity across the retina [Segev et al, 2007;Wong et al, 1993]. 6 Confocal measurements of neurons and their dendritic fields using both two-dimensional and three-dimensional (z-series) analysis [Koch et al, 2010], enabling more accurate assessment of retinal coverage and the relationship/connectivity with other neuron types. 7 Topographic arrangement and density of natural features of neurons, such as intracellular oil droplets and yellow filters [Hart et al, 1999], fluorescent tagged probes in retinal tissue incubated for in situ hybridization and identification of visual pigment opsins [Bowmaker et al, 1997;Schiviz et al, 2008;Takechi and Kawamura, 2005] and other neurons or glia pre-labelled using immunohistochemistry, Golgi and silver staining techniques and/or cells retrogradely labelled using carbocyanine dyes [Thanos et al, 1992;VidalSanz et al, 1988].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Retinal Wholemount Technique: A Window to Understanding the Brain and Behaviour

et al. 2011

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The accessibility of the vertebrate retina has provided the opportunity to assess various parameters of the visual abilities of a range of species. This thin but complex extension of the brain achieves a large proportion of the necessary visual processing of an optical image before information is delivered to the brain as neural impulses. Studies of the retina as a wholemount or a flattened sheet of neural tissue are abundant due to the large amount of information that can be analysed, as follows: the level of summation or convergence; the coverage, stratification and potential sites of synaptic connections; the spatial resolving power; the arrangement of neuronal arrays or mosaics; electrophysiological access for the recording of responses to visual stimuli; the spatial arrangement of cell dendritic fields; location of retinal ‘blind spots’ (optic nerve, falciform process and pecten); topographic differences in retinal cell sampling; spectral filters, and reflective structures. The present study examines all aspects of the wholemount technique, including enucleation, fixation, retinal extraction, flattening, staining, visualization of labelled cells and stereological mapping of cell density. Uniquely, it highlights the crucial technical and often species-specific differences encountered when examining a range of vertebrate taxa (fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals). This broad comparative approach will enable future studies to overcome technical difficulties, thus permitting larger conceptual questions to be posed regarding the diversity of visual tasks across phylogenetic boundaries.

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3D-topography of cell nuclei in a vertebrate retina—A confocal and two-photon microscopic study

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Three cone opsin genes determine the properties of the visual spectra in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Engraulidae, Teleostei)

Three cone opsin genes determine the properties of the visual spectra in the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (Engraulidae, Teleostei)

Topographic mapping of retinal neurons in the european anchovy by nuclear staining and immunohistochemistry

The Retinal Wholemount Technique: A Window to Understanding the Brain and Behaviour

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