4. Certifying organic production and processing

Rundgren, Gunnar; Hagenfors, Susanne

doi:10.3362/9781780442945.004

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The real part of the inner potential, V 0r , varied with energy according to the energy dependence of the exchange-correlation potential. The resulting expression, computed by Rundgren [38], is V 0r (E) = V 00 − max[(0.24 − 72.98)/ √ (E/eV + 6.76); −10.30] eV, whereby the unknown part V 00 was adjusted in the course of the theory-experiment fit. The imaginary part of the inner potential, which simulates the electron attenuation, was set constant, V 0i = 5 eV.…”

Section: Experimental and Computational Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive surface segregation of C, Al and S impurities in Fe(100)

Blüm¹,

Schmidt²,

Meier³

et al. 2003

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The stoichiometries and geometric structures formed by the segregation of C, Al and S on a Fe(100) surface have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Stepwise annealing of a sputtered surface with increasing annealing temperature reveals the successive segregation of C, Al and S. According to quantitative LEED analyses, each segregand forms a distinct c(2 × 2) long-range ordered structure. Also, each segregand removes the preceding one from the surface entirely, i.e. segregation in the Fe(100)-(C, Al, S) system is purely competitive with no ordered co-segregation regimes involving two or even three elements. The c(2 × 2) phases of segregated carbon and sulfur consist of elemental surface adlayers with the adatoms residing in four-fold symmetric hollow sites of the iron substrate. This is in contrast to segregated Al which, according to an earlier analysis, forms a c(2 × 2)-symmetric surface alloy layer with iron. In all cases there is some chemical disorder within subsurface layers with Fe atoms substituted by Al. The bond lengths between the segregated adatoms and iron neighbours are close to the sum of the covalent radii of the elements involved whereby carbon appears to be five-fold coordinated, in contrast to four-fold coordinated sulfur.

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Section: Experimental and Computational Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive surface segregation of C, Al and S impurities in Fe(100)

Blüm¹,

Schmidt²,

Meier³

et al. 2003

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…Organic cotton produced around the world can be certified under various standards, depending on the needs of the producers and buyers. The International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM), founded in 1972, accredits organic certifiers who inspect cotton crops around the world (Rundgren and Hagenfors, 1999). Cotton sold in the United States as organic must be certified by inspectors registered with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in order to use the USDA organic logo, regardless of where the cotton is grown (Lackman, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer likelihood of purchasing organic cotton apparel

Hustvedt

Dickson²

2009

Jnl of Fashion Mrkting and Mgt

201

180

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the organic apparel consumer. Is the recent upsurge in organic cotton products another fashion trend or is there a segment of consumers genuinely interested in purchasing organic cotton apparel based on the benefits of organic agriculture to the environment? Design/methodology/approach -Data were collected with a mail survey of US health and natural foods consumers. Conjoint analysis revealed salient product attributes and cluster analysis identified segments of consumers with different attribute preferences. Factor analysis uncovered latent variables from among the large number of items and the clusters were examined for differences in their psychographic profiles. Findings -It was found that the 38 percent of consumers who found used organic cotton content salient had positive attitudes toward organic and sustainable agriculture, preferred to "buy locally" and had a strong self-identity as environmental, organic, and socially responsible consumers.Research limitations/implications -The sample of US health and natural foods consumers means that the results cannot be generalized too widely. Research is currently under way to relate the self-reported purchase behavior of organic apparel consumers discussed here to actual purchase behavior. Practical implications -Survey respondents interested in purchasing organic cotton apparel agreed that organic farming is good for the environment, suggesting that consumers would be receptive to marketing messages that place an emphasis on the environmental benefits of purchasing organic cotton apparel. Originality/value -The paper provides insight into the attitudes and motivations of environmentally concerned US consumers of organic apparel and provides information on focusing marketing to these consumers.

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Development of Eco-labels for Sustainable Textiles

Choudhury

2014

Textile Science and Clothing Technology

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4. Certifying organic production and processing

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Competitive surface segregation of C, Al and S impurities in Fe(100)

Competitive surface segregation of C, Al and S impurities in Fe(100)

Consumer likelihood of purchasing organic cotton apparel

Development of Eco-labels for Sustainable Textiles

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