4-Isopropyl Phenyl Diphenyl Phosphate as Flame-Retardant Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte

Wang, Qingsong; Sun, Jinhua; Yao, Xiaolin; Chen, Chunhua

doi:10.1149/1.1993389

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, althoughT MP and DMMP are highly efficient FRs, they do not form as table SEI layer,w hich then has ad etrimentali mpact on the coulombic efficiency,a nd thus, the cycling stability. [138,143] Hence, the design of additives with high FR characteristics needs to comply with the formationo farobust SEI layer,a nd thereby, electrochemical compatibility.I nt he pursuit of alleviating the trade-off between flammability and cell performance, severalm ethods are effective, includinga ni ncrease in the alkyl chain length, [140] the development of fluorinated organophosphorus compounds, [144][145][146] the partial replacemento fa lkyl groups by aryl(phenyl) groups, [147,148] and the utilization of cyclic phosphates. [149] Fluorinated phosphates,f or instance, possess ac ouple of attractive features www.chemsuschem.org compared with non-fluorinated ones, showing, amongo ther things, ah ighly synergistic effect of both fluorine and phosphorusa nd enablingt he formationo fastable SEI on graphite anodes.…”

Section: Flame-retardant Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2015

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Lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system and, thus, hold the promise to enable sustainable mobility in the future. However, their large-scale application is hindered by severe safety concerns when the cells are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. These safety issues are intrinsically related to their superior energy density, combined with the (present) utilization of highly volatile and flammable organic-solvent-based electrolytes. Herein, state-of-the-art electrolyte systems and potential alternatives are briefly surveyed, with a particular focus on their (inherent) safety characteristics. The challenges, which so far prevent the widespread replacement of organic carbonate-based electrolytes with LiPF6 as the conducting salt, are also reviewed herein. Starting from rather "facile" electrolyte modifications by (partially) replacing the organic solvent or lithium salt and/or the addition of functional electrolyte additives, conceptually new electrolyte systems, including ionic liquids, solvent-free, and/or gelled polymer-based electrolytes, as well as solid-state electrolytes, are also considered. Indeed, the opportunities for designing new electrolytes appear to be almost infinite, which certainly complicates strict classification of such systems and a fundamental understanding of their properties. Nevertheless, these innumerable opportunities also provide a great chance of developing highly functionalized, new electrolyte systems, which may overcome the afore-mentioned safety concerns, while also offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, and electrochemical performance.

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Section: Flame-retardant Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2015

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“…A fl ame-propagation test was also examined for the electrolyte containing IPPP. Addition of 15 wt% (% in mass) or more gave a good result for the nonfl ammability of the electrolyte, but decreased the discharge capacity and the cycleability of the LiCoO 2 positive electrode [ 124 ].…”

Section: Other Phosphorous-containing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous Electrolytes with Advances in Solvents

Sasaki

Tanaka

et al. 2014

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

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Most of the liquid electrolytes used in commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells are nonaqueous solutions, in which roughly 1 mol dm −3 of lithium hexafl uorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) salt is dissolved in a mixture of carbonate solvents selected from cyclic carbonates-ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate-and linear carbonates-dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. In Sect. 2.1, the physicochemical properties of these carbonate solvents are listed and the phase diagrams and electrolytic conductivity data of mixed carbonate solvent systems are given. However, recent market demands for Li-ion cells with higher energy, higher power, and higher safety requires new solvents to improve the performance of cells in electrolytes based on carbonate solvents only. New heteroatom-containing organic solvents including fl uorine, boron, phosphorous, and sulfur, which have been applied to lithium cells in recent years, are reviewed from the viewpoints of synthesis, physicochemical properties, and cell performance by four authors.

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“…As an additive to the electrolyte, in order to improve the thermal stability of the electrolyte without hindering the cycling performance, the weight percentage of the flame retardant content is usually less than 20% [31]. Some optimum values of the flame retardant content are reported as follows: 10 wt % 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate (BMP-PF 6 ) [32], 10 wt % cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) [33,34], and 5-10 wt % 4-isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP) [35]. Table 1 lists some FRs found in the literature.…”

Section: Fire Prevention Using Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In the past five years, there have been numerous cases of Li-ion battery fires and explosions, resulting in property damage and bodily injuries. This paper discusses the thermal runaway mechanism and presents various thermal runaway mitigation approaches, including separators, flame retardants, and safety vents. The paper then overviews measures for extinguishing fires, and concludes with a set of recommendations for future research and development.

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4-Isopropyl Phenyl Diphenyl Phosphate as Flame-Retardant Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives

Safer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives

Nonaqueous Electrolytes with Advances in Solvents

Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies

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