415W Single-Mode CW Thulium Fiber Laser in all-fiber format

2 µm Laser Sources and Their Possible Applications

“…In a dualend pumped configuration the maximum output power could be increased to 104 W, but the slope efficiency was reduced to 52.5 %. Also in 2007 a 415 W thulium fibre laser that was inband pumped at 1567 nm was presented (Meleshkevich et al, 2007). A double clad single mode thulium fibre was used, which was end pumped by an assembly of 18 cw erbium fibre lasers.…”

High Power Tunable Tm3+-fiber Lasers and Its Application in Pumping Cr2+:ZnSe Lasers

“…Such a pump scheme has a small Stokes shift, thus can provide high operation efficiencies for Tm 3+ -doped fiber lasers. With this pump technique, M. Meleshkevich reported a slope efficiency of 60% with respect to absorbed pump power [17]. However, this pump scheme cannot make use of the advantageous "cross relaxation" as the 790-nm pumping.…”

Demonstration of ultralow-threshold 2 micrometer microlasers on chip

“…So far, the Tm 3+ -doped and Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ -codoped fiber or glass lasers have been investigated for several decades with high output and milliwatts threshold powers [16][17][18][19][20], which have been used in urology for hard and soft tissue laser ablations [21]. In the Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ -codoped lasers, thulium ions transfer energy to holmium ions to realize the 2 µm lasing transition [22].…”