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Mommsen, Thomas P.; Vijayan, Mathilakath M.; Moon, Thomas W.

doi:10.1023/a:1008924418720

Cited by 1,979 publications

(425 citation statements)

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“…C. nasus Gcr mRNA is highly expressed in liver and muscle (Figure 2), which is consistent with the critical functions of cortisol in these tissues (Dean et al, 2003;Fontainhas et al, 2003;Marshall, 2003;Tripathi and Verma, 2004). Cortisol is a key mediator of stress-induced hyperglycemia, and importantly, it supports the increased energy demand associated with stress (Mommsen et al, 1999;Sapolsky et al, 2000). Cortisol is also a vital osmoregulatory factor, and both gluconeogenic metabolism and osmoregulation are mediated by Gcr (Hanson and Reshef, 1997;Vijayan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Molecular cloning and differential expression of the glucocorticoid receptorgene in the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.To understand the regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (Gcr) during loading and transport stress in fish, the Gcr gene of Coilia nasus was cloned. Gcr in C. nasus is expressed strongly in the liver and muscle, and less stronglyin the gills, brain, spleen, intestine, trunk kidney, and head kidney. Gcr expression in both the liver and muscle was increased by loading and transport stress. NaCl reduced the death rate caused by loading and transport stress, and the expression of Gcr in liver and muscle differed significantly between the NaCl and non-NaCl groups. To investigate whether the elevated Gcr transcripts were translated into protein, proteins extracted from the liver and muscle were analyzed. In both tissues, C. nasus GCR protein expression patterns paralleled those of Gcr mRNA during stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Molecular cloning and differential expression of the glucocorticoid receptorgene in the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…taxa demonstrate that the strength of negative feedback can vary with time of day, social rank, maternal care, time in captivity and brain region (Dickens et al, 2009;Liu et al, 1997;Mommsen et al, 1999;Nichols et al, 1965;Sapolsky, 1983;Yao et al, 2008). These data illustrate that variation in negative feedback may be a ubiquitous mechanism modulating plasma glucocorticoid concentrations.…”

Section: Hpa Axis Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 69%

Why Do Animals Do What They Do, When They Do It? Characterizing the Role of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Seasonal Life-History Transitions

Forbes¹

2000

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Resource availability follows seasonal cycles in environmental conditions. To align physiology and behavior with prevailing environmental conditions, seasonal animals integrate cues from the environment with their internal state. One of the systems animals use to integrate those cues is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary effector, glucocorticoid hormones. The HPA axis has wide-ranging effects on physiology and behavior and, in the context of a glucocorticoid stress response, is known to mediate tradeoffs between immediate survival and future fitness. The HPA axis also plays an important role in facilitating predictable life-history events. Variation in HPA axis activity has been reported in all vertebrates, often coordinating seasonal reproduction and possibly also transitions between life-history stages. My dissertation research used red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) to examine the role of the HPA axis in regulating seasonal life-history transitions, especially in females In Chapter 2, I hypothesized that seasonal plasticity in stress responses is regulated, in part, by changes in the responsiveness of the adrenal glands to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). I found that glucocorticoid responses to ACTH challenge were smaller in males than in females during the spring, suggesting that reports of reduced stress responsiveness in males may reflect lower adrenal responsiveness to ACTH. The sex difference in mating season duration and consequently also in the timing of migration led me to hypothesize that sex differences in HPA axis activity could explain sex differences in the timing of migration. Furthermore, adrenal responsiveness to ACTH also varied seasonally in males, but not females, suggesting that female stress ii responses, which have not been studied, may not vary seasonally.In Chapter 3, I addressed this gap in our knowledge and investigated potential seasonal variation in female stress responses. In males, baseline glucocorticoids decrease over the course of the mating season resulting in significantly lower baseline levels in males that have begun to migrate. I hypothesized that a change in HPA axis activity occurs during spring and fall migration. Peak stress-induced glucocorticoid concentration occurred at an earlier sampling time in females during the spring compared to the fall.Peak stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrations also occurred at a later sampling time in migrating females than in pre-migratory females during the spring, suggesting that negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis changes as soon as females begin to migrate during the spring.Female red-sided garter snake populations found in Manitoba are biennial breeders that give birth approximately every other year implying that a female's recent reproductive history can influence whether or not she will reproduce in a given year.Body condition can be used as a proxy for recent reproductive history and can be related to baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid concentrati...

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“…The results of the present study suggest that the addition of EUG and EOL may reduce oxygen consumption, ultimately improving the physiological condition of fish during transport. Stress negatively affects protein metabolism, inhibiting the synthesis and stimulating the catabolism of proteins (Mommsen et al, 1999;Becker et al, 2016;Salbego et al, 2015;Toni et al, 2015). The addition of EUG and EOL to the water during silver catfish transport likely reduced protein catabolism, since protein levels were higher in the muscle and liver than in control group at the end of transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During stressful situations, such as transport, fish demand greater amounts of energy, which can be obtained from glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and increases in protein turnover (Mommsen et al, 1999;Pankhurst, 2011). The use of anesthetics at sedative concentrations during fish transport could be an important tool to reduce sensitivity to stimuli, swimming time and stress (Ross and Ross, 2008;Zahl et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

et al. 2017

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The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L -1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L -1 ) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L -1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L -1 ) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L -1 ) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L -1 ) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.Keywords: anesthetic, metabolism, stress, fish transportation. Parâmetros bioquímicos do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) após transporte com eugenol ou óleo essencial de Lippia alba adicionado à águaResumo O transporte de peixes vivos é uma prática rotineira na aquicultura e constitui uma fonte considerável de estresse para os animais. A adição de anestésicos na água utilizada para o transporte de peixes pode prevenir ou mitigar os efeitos nocivos do estresse de transporte. Este estudo investigou os efeitos da adição de eugenol (EUG) (1,5 ou 3,0 mL L ) em parâmetros metabólicos (níveis de glicogênio, lactato e proteína total) no fígado e músculos, a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) no músculo e no cérebro, e os níveis de proteína carbonil (PC), ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e grupos tióis não proteicos (NPSH) e atividade da glutationa-S-transferase no fígado de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy e Gaimard, 1824) transportados por quatro horas em sacos plásticos (densidade de carga de 169,2 g L -1). A adição de várias concentrações de EUG (1,5 ou 3,0 mL L ) na água de transporte é aconselhável para o transporte do jundiá, uma vez que ambas concentrações destas substâncias aumentaram os níveis do antioxidante NPSH e diminuíram os níveis de TBARS no fígado. Além disso, os níveis mais baixos de glicogénio e lactato no fígado destes grupos e menor atividade de AChE no cérebro (EOL 10 ou 20 mL L -1 ) em comparação com o grupo controle indicam que o metabolismo energético e neurotransmissão foram menores após a administração...

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Untitled

Cited by 1,979 publications

References 317 publications

Molecular cloning and differential expression of the glucocorticoid receptorgene in the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus

Molecular cloning and differential expression of the glucocorticoid receptorgene in the estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus

Why Do Animals Do What They Do, When They Do It? Characterizing the Role of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Seasonal Life-History Transitions

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

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