4D printed shape memory sandwich structures: experimental analysis and numerical modeling

Serjouei, Ahmad; Yousefi, Armin; Jenaki, Andrejs; Bodaghi, Mahdi; Mehrpouya, Mehrshad

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ac60b5

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…By comparing the sandwich structures with reentrant and honeycomb core designs, it should be highlighted that the reentrant core absorbed more energy than the honeycomb core. One of the main reasons is that the inner density of the core in the reentrant was higher than in the honeycomb core design [13]. Moreover, SEA was increased from PLA to PETG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific energy absorption (SEA) is a significant measure for assessing the energy absorption of sandwich structures. It is defined as the sandwich structures' unit energy absorption efficiency, expressed as [13]: The overall trend in Table 2 showed that higher specific energy absorption were obtained in the reentrant sandwich structures compared to honeycomb sandwich structures. By comparing the sandwich structures with reentrant and honeycomb core designs, it should be highlighted that the reentrant core absorbed more energy than the honeycomb core.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of three-point bending behavior using finite element method for 3D-printed polymeric sandwich structures with honeycomb and reentrant core

Eryıldız

2022

European Mechanical Science

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Sandwich structures are known as ultra-light porous materials. Because the structure has advantages in terms of acoustics, fatigue, and impact resistance that conventional stiffened plates cannot match, it has become a popular material in aerospace, automotive, marine, windmill, and architectural applications. One promising method for decreasing production waste and enhancing flexural stress is to employ Additive Manufacture (AM) technologies for sandwich structure manufacturing. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) sandwich structures with reentrant and honeycomb cores were designed and then a finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to compare the stress distributions in these sandwich composites. According to the findings, higher flexure stresses and specific energy absorption were obtained in the reentrant sandwich structures compared to honeycomb sandwich structures. A minimum equivalent stress value was found in the ABS material, while a maximum equivalent stress value was found in the PLA material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of three-point bending behavior using finite element method for 3D-printed polymeric sandwich structures with honeycomb and reentrant core

Eryıldız

2022

European Mechanical Science

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“…The area under the load–displacement curve also illustrates the applied energy to the sandwich structures by compressive loading. [ 32 ] In particular, the energy a sandwich structure absorbs during loading is generated by two separate mechanisms: i) absorbed energy due to elastic deformation; ii) dissipated energy as a result of plastic deformation. The total energy, defined by the area under the plot, shows that the origami structures have better energy absorption (22.1 J) as compared to the chiral structures (19.4 J); hence, the following analysis will focus solely on the origami structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Behavior and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Smart Sandwich Structures

et al. 2022

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative manufacturing technology that provides a wide range of capabilities in the fabrication of parts for different applications. [1] This technology also allows the fabrication of fully functional parts, using a broad range of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, smart materials, or even food. There are several examples like using AM technology for functionally graded materials (FGM) targeting various applications [2,3] as well as non-assembly mechanisms and easier functional integration. [4] It also can be applied for AM part consolidation to redesign a multicomponent assembly into a single part. [5,6] AM consists of a large variety of different printing processes that, using raw materials, allow the fabrication not only of basic prototypes but also of a complex workpiece such as lightweight components for aircraft. [7] Accessibility to 3D printing technology is made easier due to the competitive market, with numerous advantages including low cost of equipment, rapid setup times, lack of molds, etc. [8] However, 3D printing is limited to the production of static parts, while, at times, adding dynamic elements to them would be of crucial importance in certain applications. To overcome such drawbacks, 3D printing assemblies, which often require support structures, are thus made. In addition, compared to other techniques, 3D printing is limited in terms of size and batches achievable, posing another barrier to their broader use in many manufacturing fields.4D printing is a recent evolution in the field of 3D printing. It allows achieving change in property, functionality, and shape of 3D printed structures as a function of time. 4D-printed structures are multi-functional. For example, they have the capability of self-assembly and self-healing, with time being a dependent parameter along with 3D printing. 4D printing can allow the fabrication of dynamic structures with the appropriate combination of smart materials according to specific 3D arrangements. [9][10][11] Smart materials are a group of design materials that possess one or more unique properties, which change significantly and can be controlled under the influence of external stimuli. The literature shows that most polymers (not all) have the intrinsic feature of thermo-and chemo-responsive shape memory effect (SME). [12] The polymers with these properties, Shape

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“…In addition, they have looked into how 4D-printed sandwich structures could be used for energy absorption applications. [40] The literature review discloses the importance of 3D energy absorbers to exhibit low initial reaction forces, stability, and high energy absorption capacity under quasistatic compression. The current study introduces novel 3D ZPR metamaterials for reversible energy absorption applications additively manufactured by 4D printing technology.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202200656mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they have looked into how 4D‐printed sandwich structures could be used for energy absorption applications. [ 40 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Metamaterials with Zero Poisson's Ratio, Shape Recovery, and Energy Absorption Features

Hamzehei

Serjouei

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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Crashworthiness is the ability of the materials or structures to absorb impact energy through plastic deformations, friction, fracture, shear, bending, and even torsion. [1] Energy absorbers have been extensively used for different applications. The most prevalent applications can be found in the automotive, railway, and aerospace industries. [2,3] It is important to reduce the mortality rate caused by car crashes in the automotive industry. When it comes to passengers' safety, some critical crashworthy elements must be considered to design proper energy absorbers. The most vital item could be the initial reaction force caused by hitting an external object. [4] The lower the initial reaction force, the safer the occupants might be. A vehicle contains structural elements like rockers, pillars, and bumpers. Among these elements, the front bumper plays a vital role when it comes to energy absorption and is the most effective parameter for vehicle safety and occupants. The front bumper usually absorbs more than half of the kinetic energy during a car crash. [4] This is the main reason for magnifying the existence of high-performance energy absorbers Distinct from the initial reaction force, the crashworthy designers have been considering various main criteria for an ideal energy absorber, including high energy absorption performance, stability, and safety. Consequently, some design approaches such as gradual energy absorption (GEA), piecemeal energy absorption (PEA), and conventional energy absorption (CEA) have been proposed. [5][6][7] The absorbers designed based on the PEA and GEA approaches show different peak force levels in force-displacement relation, whereas the CEA-based absorbers show a peak force level in their forcedisplacement relation. Xu et al. [5] proposed a structure exhibiting the GEA for subway vehicles. The proposed energy absorber exhibits multistiffness behavior under the impact, showing different peak force levels as well. Afterward, the concept of piecemeal energy absorption (PEA) was introduced by Esa et al. [6] . The PEA concept is similar to the GEA concept. Due to the flexibility of the PEA concept over the GEA, this concept is extended to diverse applications. The PEA strategy provides lower damages under low-velocity impact and higher energy absorption capacity under high-velocity impact. Apart from the GEA and PEA concepts, most energy absorbers possess a CEA response. [7] The CEA response means a gradual increase in initial reaction forces under the impact and then the fluctuations in crushing forces are caused by overcoming the energy absorber's yield strength.

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4D printed shape memory sandwich structures: experimental analysis and numerical modeling

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Estimation of three-point bending behavior using finite element method for 3D-printed polymeric sandwich structures with honeycomb and reentrant core

Estimation of three-point bending behavior using finite element method for 3D-printed polymeric sandwich structures with honeycomb and reentrant core

Functional Behavior and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Smart Sandwich Structures

4D Metamaterials with Zero Poisson's Ratio, Shape Recovery, and Energy Absorption Features

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