4D printing of stretchable nanocookie@conduit material hosting biocues and magnetoelectric stimulation for neurite sprouting

Abstract

A high-frequency magnetic field (MF) generates an electric current by charging conductors that enable the induction of various biological processes, including changes in cell fate and programming. In this study, we show that electromagnetized carbon porous nanocookies (NCs) under MF treatment facilitate magnetoelectric conversion for growth factor release and cell stimulation to induce neuron cell differentiation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Integrating four-dimensional printing technology, the NCs are exposed on the surface, which enhances the cell adhesion and allows direct manipulation of electromagnetic stimulation of the cells. Remarkably, large amounts of growth factor encapsulated in NC@conduit resulted in excellent permeability and on-demand release, improving the in vivo layers of myelin sheaths and directing the axon orientation at 1 month postimplantation. This study offers proof of principle for MF-guided in vivo neuron regeneration as a potentially viable tissue regeneration approach for neuronal diseases.

Rabies Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Transportation and T Cell Infiltration to Brain Tumor by Magnetoelectric Gold Yarnballs

“…Upon exposure to an AMF, an oscillating eddy current was generated on conductors via a Lorentz force, which induced periodic lattice vibrations. 47 Based on Lenz's law, currents on particles, such as gold-or carbon-based materials, have been shown to control drug release or promote osteogenesis and neurogenesis. 48 The currents are usually focused on the surface of conductors and exponentially decline with depth.…”

Electromechanical Nanogenerators for Cell Modulation

“…The prepared NC@C could encapsulate the neuron growth factor (NGF) and achieve on-demand release under the control of a magnetic field. At the same time, it could electrically stimulate cells to effectively induce cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in vitro and could further improve myelin layers and guide axonal orientation in vivo (Figure 9h-j) [85]. In addition, ME materials have also been developed for deep brain stimulation, bone regeneration, skeletal muscle tissue regeneration and more [85][86][87][88].…”

“…At the same time, it could electrically stimulate cells to effectively induce cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in vitro and could further improve myelin layers and guide axonal orientation in vivo (Figure 9h-j) [85]. In addition, ME materials have also been developed for deep brain stimulation, bone regeneration, skeletal muscle tissue regeneration and more [85][86][87][88]. These materials inspire new approaches to targeted cell therapies for traumatic injuries.…”

“…Sciatic nerve defects harvested from (i) autograft and (j) NGF-NC@C+ magnetic field. Reprinted with permission from ref [85],. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature.…”

Industry news: the additive manufacturing of nerve conduits for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury

“…Tao et al [9] used a continuous DLP process to fabricate nanoparticle-inhydrogel nerve conduits; in this study, GelMA hydrogel was mixed with drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(3-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) nanoparticles to release XMU-MP-1 to increase peripheral myelination and functional recovery in rats with 10 mm nerve defects. In similar work, Fang et al [10] prepared nerve conduits with the DLP method using a nanocomposite composed of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Thus, under a high-frequency magnetic field, carbon porous nanocookies facilitated magnetoelectric conversion for the release of growth factors and cell stimulation.…”