“…Introduction 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in all organisms, such as chlorophyll and heme in plants. It has been recognized as a vital plant growth regulator due to its various roles in several key physiological processes such as promoting plant growth and conferring abiotic stress tolerance in plants , Niu et al 2017, Sun et al 2017, Akram et al 2018, Liu et al 2018, Wu et al 2018. Increasing attention has been paid to ALA because of its environmental-friendly Abbreviations -ABA, abscisic acid; ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; AsA, ascorbic acid; BR, brassinosteroid; CalA, calyculin A; CAT, catalase; DPI, diphenylene iodonium; GFP-TUA6, green fluorescent protein-tagged -tubulin 6 transgenic Arabidopsis; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; MS, Murashige and Skoog; MTs, microtubules; OA, okadaic acid; OE, overexpression; PP2A, type 2A protein phosphatase; PP2A-C2, C2 subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase; PP2A-C2-OE, PP2A-C2 overexpression; PPFD, photosynthetic photo flux density; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VBT, vinblastine. characteristic and great application potential in agriculture (Wang et al 2003, Akram andAshraf 2013) and horticulture (Feng et al 2016, An et al 2016b, Zheng et al 2017, Zheng et al 2018.…”