5-Hydroxymethylfurfural: assessment of mutagenicity, DNA-damaging potential and reactivity towards cellular glutathione

Renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 mediate the cellular accumulation of 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural, a reactive, nephrotoxic metabolite of the Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…However, coffee may be a major source of HMF intake in many subjects due to the high amount consumed [5]. The estimated daily intake is in the range of 30-150 mg per person [6,7]. Although HMF is inactive in standard in vitro genotoxicity tests [7,8], it induced and promoted preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci, in rat colon [9] and initiated papillomas in mouse skin [10].…”

“…The estimated daily intake is in the range of 30-150 mg per person [6,7]. Although HMF is inactive in standard in vitro genotoxicity tests [7,8], it induced and promoted preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci, in rat colon [9] and initiated papillomas in mouse skin [10]. Furthermore, in a long-term carcinogenicity study conducted by National Toxicology Program, HMF was found to increase the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in female mice [11].…”

Hydroxymethyl furfural in chinese herbal medicines: Its formation, presence, metabolism, bioactivities and implications

“…DNA damage can be reflected by SOS response in which the cell cycle is arrested and DNA repair and mutagenesis are induced. Assessment on SOS response by the umu assay (Umu Chromotest) in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 in presence of HMF indicated that the genotoxicity of HMF (≥12 mM) was fairly low (Janzowski et al, 2000). By the Salmonella microsome assay, examination of possible mutagenic effects of HMF on the Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains TA98 and TA102 revealed the lack of obvious mutagenicity of HMF (Cheriot et al, 2009).…”

Usefulness of determination of glucosylisomaltol and hydroxymethylfurfural to control browning reaction during storage of baby cereals Utilidad de la determinación de glucosilisomaltol e hidroximetilfurfural para el control de la reacción de pardeamiento durante la conservación de cereales infantiles

“…This LD 50 is very high compared to HMF levels found in baby cereals and therefore it does not pose a serious health risk to babies. Janzowski, Glaab, Samimi, Schlatter, and Eisenbrand (2000) concluded that HMF does not pose a serious health risk, even though the highest concentrations in specific foods approach the biologically effective concentration range in cell systems. Neither data from epidemiologic studies or case reports on potential association of HMF with cancer risk in humans nor chronic carcinogenicity studies are available.…”