5000 h Multi-Factor Accelerated Aging Test of FRP Made Transmission Tower: Characterization, Thermal Decomposition and Reaction Kinetics Study

Abstract

Three kinds of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites, including modified polyurethane resin (LGD), epoxy resin (E44) and modified unsaturated polyester resin (D33) glass-fiber reinforced plastics, were subjected to a 5000 h multi-factor accelerated aging test according to the power industry standard. To examine aging resistance and thermal stability of transmission towers made by these three composites, relevant bending properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), activation energy, as well as microscopic morphology were revealed. The results showed that for these composites, bending modulus retention rates were higher than 94% under the aging test and that of the LGD was highest. Additionally, the onset degradation temperature, temperature at maximum rate of weight loss and T 5% reduced at 5000 h, with D33 having highest value and lowest decline rate. The activation energy was calculated with the Bagchi, Coats-Redfern and Broido method, respectively. Although the activation energy of all composites decreased after test, the D33, LGD materials had the highest activation energy which enjoys slight decline. Analysis of the whole experimental results suggested that D33 and LGD composites have good aging resistance, whose basic performance could still perform well after 5000 h aging test, so they can be used to composite towers and applied to engineering practice.

Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Degradation of Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene by non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry

“…There are several integral methods which use different solutions of the temperature integral, such as the Broido method [26]. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method allows estimating the apparent activation energies ( E a ) over the entire α range from TGA data at different heating rates (β).…”

Colloidal Gibbsite Nanoparticle/Polyacrylamide Composites for Flame-Retardant Materials

“…The values of kinetic parameters calculated by the integral regression models always occur in a reaction interval. Therefore, the results achieved from these methods can sometimes be inaccurate for some initial kinetic irregular reactions (e.g., degradation of polymer or composite) . It is known that the differential method is regressed due to the relationship between the mass reduction rate and temperature, which indicates that the parameters gain from instantaneous values .…”

“…Therefore, the results achieved from these methods can sometimes be inaccurate for some initial kinetic irregular reactions (e.g., degradation of polymer or composite). 59 It is known that the differential method is regressed due to the relationship between the mass reduction rate and temperature, which indicates that the parameters gain from instantaneous values. 60 Hence, the use of differential models is superior when the thermodynamic parameters of composites are also essential to determine.…”

The Behavior of Polyurethane Foam-Filled Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Crossarm Subjected to Lightning Transient Voltage

“…However, it is still vulnerable to aging, responsible for the composite’s long-term performance [ 2 , 3 ]. Some of the factors contributing to aging include electrical, salt fog, rain, ultraviolet (UV), and hygrothermal caused degradation as summarized in Figure 1 [ 4 ].…”