55GCPS CAM using 5b analog flash

Low-Power Analog Associative Processors Employing Resonance-Type Current-Voltage Characteristics

“…Analog nonvolatile memory technologies (Kramer et al, 1997;Yoon et al, 2000;Yamasaki et al, 2001;Kobayashi et al, 2005) have been developed for such purposes, but they are often very expensive to implement. In the proposed architecture, on the other hand, digital memories such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash can be employed to build a system that is inexpensive compared with analog nonvolatile memory technologies.…”

“…In order to make the proposed architecture practical and much better than digital approaches, a low power WTA would be considered in future studies. Furthermore, although analog flash implementation (Kramer et al, 1997) offers very low power consumption, such an implementation requires particular mechanisms in the template-writing phase, making the flash implementation difficult to control and hence, flexible programmability difficult to realize. 3.…”

“…A νMOS-based Euclidean distance calculator used in a recognition system for handwritten digits was proposed (Vlassis et al, 2001). Kramer et al (1997) also proposed an analog Manhattan-distance-based content-addressable memory (CAM) using the analog non-volatile memory technology. On the other hand, bell-shaped characteristics have been implemented in various analog associative processors Yamasaki & Shibata, 2003;Hasler et al, 2002;Peng et al, 2005).…”

Compact Bell-Shaped Analog Matching-Cell Module for Digital-Memory-Based Associative Processors

“…It has been demonstrated that associative processors can serve as the basis of humanlike flexible computation, and many examples of flexible pattern perception have been demonstrated that are based on analog and digital technologies as well as mixed signal technologies. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]22,[24][25][26][27] Digital approaches are accurate in computation, but require large chip real estate and consume large power. Analog implementations are preferred in terms of low-power consumption and high-integration density.…”

“…26. Kramer et al 18) also proposed an analog Manhattan-distance-based content-addressable memory (CAM) using the analog nonvolatile memory technology. On the other hand, bell-shaped characteristics have been implemented in various analog associative processors.…”