566. RATIBIDA COLUMNIFERA var. PULCHERRIMA.

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SummaryRudbeckia hirta L. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckinae) is described and illustrated. Material in Wakehurst's North American Prairie planting would key out to the widespread Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw., in that it is a perennial, leafy in the upper half of the stem and with narrow‐lanceolate leaves. The issue of the rank of the currently recognized infraspecific taxa is highlighted and the cluttering of the synonymy with the recognition of minor, often horticultural variants discussed. A commonly cultivated species, this is one of several late‐season flowerers in the American Prairie at RBG, Kew at Wakehurst Place. Cultivars are commonly cultivated, offering a considerable colour variation in the ray limbs, but it appears that the true species is relatively uncommon, possibly having come in and gone out of fashion since it was first brought into cultivation. Statements of the species' distribution, habitat and ecological preferences, phenology, conservation status, and the etymology of both generic and specific epithets are given, along with an impressive array of vernacular names, reflecting its wide distribution and long cultivation. Comments are provided on the nectar, or honey, guides seen (under UV light) in Rudbeckia hirta. The guides are due to the presence of flavonol glucosides, these present only in the upper surface of the ray limbs. Historical uses of the species are noted, and phytochemical analyses have provided evidence that the anti‐inflammatory properties have a factual basis.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

1082. Rudbeckia hirta L.

Hind,

Lambkin

2023

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“…Wooton & Standl. ( Long‐headed Coneflower – Hind, 2006a, Sims, 1814), and Helenium autumnale L. – Sneezeweed , Hooker, 1830. However, several taxa are not included as they are either pernicious weeds (e.g., Xanthium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Compositae of the North American Prairies

Hind

2023

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SummaryThe North American Prairie landscape at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew at Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, is discussed. The abundance of the Compositae in the North American Prairies is outlined, by tribe, and comments provided on a range of 105 interesting Compositae that could be considered in prairie plantings, for dry, moist and wet situations. The exclusion of a number of plants that are most unsuitable for prairie plantings is also covered, with whole tribes, such as the Cardueae and Anthemideae, excluded from potential planting schemes, and a limited selection made from the Lactuceae and Senecioneae. The Astereae, other than providing a large selection of potential prairie plants, is discussed more fully, especially with the break‐up of the core genus Aster. Both inside and outside of the prairie environment there have been many taxonomic changes, with name changes of concern to taxonomists and horticulturists alike. Shaw's list is revised, relevant to those he left in Aster, and some observations made on how the splitting of Aster is still an active area of research. The differing propagation methods, in general and for the Compositae in particular, are outlined, covering vegetative propagation methods, and seed harvesting, cleaning, and sowing preparation techniques outlined. A number of previously published plates from Curtis's Botanical Magazine are used to illustrate some of the tribes, and are supplemented by photographs of several species, mostly from the Heliantheae, in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The supportive appendices cover: Appendix 1 – 105 suitable Compositae that can be considered for prairie plantings, each with an indication of tribe, common name/s, publication details of those previously illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (or in this issue), the plate number under which it was published, together with those republished in this issue, and photographs of a handful of others, together with an indication of the base colour/s of the flowering capitula of each, and Appendix 2 an updated list of the species left in Aster in Shaw's 2014 list following several subsequent transfers into other genera, and a different view of the taxonomy of some of the genera.

899. Echinacea Tennesseensis

Hind¹

2018

SummaryEchinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ziniinae) is described and illustrated, and is accompanied by statements on its distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology and vernacular names. A statement on its conservation status is made. A brief history of Echinacea is provided, with a commentary of the most useful revision discussed. The subtribal position and related genera of Echinacea is discussed, with the most recent account proposing that Echinacea is placed in the subtribe Zinniinae, alongside Zinnia, Sanvitalia and Heliopsis, amongst others, and quite separate from Rudbeckia and Ratibida, with which it has often been allied, now placed in the subtribe Rudbeckiinae.