57-P

McDaniel, Olga; Barker, Andy; Zhou, Xinchun; Piazza, Laura; Thomas, Tammy; McDaniel, Larry S.; Moore, Charles K.

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.139

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In yet another study, OH groups on the catalyst were measured by reaction with methylmagnesium iodide [107]. In yet another study, OH groups on the catalyst were measured by reaction with methylmagnesium iodide [107].…”

Section: Catalyst Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows the amount of Cr(VI) stabilized when CrO 3 a function of the overall chromium loading. However, at some point, as the Cr loading was increased, saturation occurred and beyond that limit the excess CrO 3 decomposed into the trivalent oxide, α-chromia [107,110,112,113]. However, at some point, as the Cr loading was increased, saturation occurred and beyond that limit the excess CrO 3 decomposed into the trivalent oxide, α-chromia [107,110,112,113].…”

Section: Catalyst Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…150-350 • C [51,53,107]. The experiment was repeated except that the temperature of the initial calcining treatment in air was raised from 600 to 850 • C. This time the same curve was generated, except that the reduction was complete by only about 150 • C, instead of 300 • C for the earlier 600 • C catalyst.…”

Section: Polymerization Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the electronic differences between Si − O − Cr and Al − O − Cr bonds, such alumina catalysts also typically have a larger hydroxyl population than silica at normal calcining temperatures. More surface hydroxyls also mean more sites available to support chromium and alumina stabilizes about twice as much Cr(VI) as silica [107,110,444,448]. 38, where hydroxyls on a polymerization-grade alumina were measured by reaction with methylmagnesium iodide [155,444,445].…”

Section: Cr/aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization

McDaniel

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The year 2001 marked the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Phillips chromium catalyst, from which today's worldwide high‐density polyethylene industry sprang. Appropriately, during that year the discoverers of this catalyst system, J. Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks, were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, in Akron, OH, to join other distinguished inventors spanning two centuries who have shaped our world. This chapter reviews our understanding of the chemistry associated with that catalyst system, which is used globally to produce perhaps half of the world's high‐density polyethylene, and it provides examples of how that chemistry is exploited commercially.

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Section: Catalyst Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymerization Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cr/aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization

McDaniel

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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“…55 Whereas the high school assignment was developed by a citizens' committee, the elementary reassignment was developed by RHSD staff and reflected the superintendent's skepticism about voluntary strategies such as magnets, which "from my observation and experience tend to segregate a lot." 56 To be sure, at the same time that the elementary assignment plan was overhauled, Sylvia Circle became a Montessori charter that functioned as a magnet, which undoubtedly helped the district's desegregation goals. But the implementation of the Montessori program was not primarily dictated by desegregation concerns.…”

Section: The Use Of Mandatory Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Your Father Works for My Father”: Race, Class, and the Politics of Voluntarily Mandated Desegregation

Smith

Kedrowski

Ellis

et al. 2008

Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education

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Background/Context Unlike the situation nationally where desegregation progress is faltering, the school district in Rock Hill, South Carolina, has recently undertaken measures to increase balance in pupil assignment despite considerable local opposition to these measures and the absence of a court order requiring the district to do so. Moreover, while other districts that are also pursuing desegregation increasingly rely on voluntary strategies such as magnets, the Rock Hill school district has relied more on adjusting the boundaries of mandatory attendance zones. This article investigates the conditions and developments that facilitated the school district's voluntarily increasing its desegregation efforts through the use of mandatory strategies. In so doing, the article expands upon our previous work that raises the possibility of a new politics of school desegregation. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of this essay is to clarify the meaning of voluntary desegregation; to understand the political, demographic, and other conditions that affected desegregation efforts in Rock Hill; and to relate these conditions to broader issues such as the changed (since the civil rights era) relationship between the federal government and local school districts on issues involving desegregation, the relative merits of race- versus class-based public policy, citizen participation in desegregation planning, and the Supreme Court's consideration of voluntary desegregation. Setting Rock Hill, South Carolina Research Design Case study Conclusions/Recommendations We find that Rock Hill's school desegregation efforts were facilitated by a change in school board elections, the current relatively loose coupling of policy venues on issues involving desegregation, the overlap between the interests of Blacks and working-class Whites in the development of a high school reassignment plan, citizen participation in desegregation planning, and effective leadership from the district's administration. The findings from this case study suggest that in some situations class-based public policy is more effective than race-based public policy, but they also caution equally strongly against making any sweeping claims for the generic effectiveness of class-based public policy. The findings also suggest why and how, contrary to the situation in the civil rights era, the workings of local politics in southern school districts may currently be consistent with the pursuit of school desegregation, not antithetical to it. Because of this consistency, a Supreme Court ruling against voluntary desegregation may be viewed as undermining not only the pursuit of equality of opportunity, but also the democratic ideal of popular sovereignty.

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57-P

Cited by 2 publications

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Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization

Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization

“Your Father Works for My Father”: Race, Class, and the Politics of Voluntarily Mandated Desegregation

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