599. Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part IV. Swelling and shrinkage of sulphonated polystyrenes of different cross-linking

Pepper, K. W.; Reichenberg, D.; Hale, D. K.

doi:10.1039/jr9520003129

Cited by 193 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Swelling occurs when the resin traps a cation with a larger hydrated equivalent ionic volume, expanding its crosslinked structure [31,32]. The hydrated ionic volume is defined as the volume occupied by an ion when it is surrounded by water and it is proportional to its hydrated radius.…”

Section: Resin Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of new ion exchange resins for hardness removal from boiler feedwater

et al. 2018

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Ion exchange is widely used for the removal of selected ions from water streams. Within oil & gas, one application is boiler feedwater treatment to remove hardness, i.e. calcium and magnesium. Weak acid cation (WAC) resins are typically used and advances in material science, polymer chemistry and manufacturing methods have resulted in new resins being introduced to the market. These new resins can lower operating costs through higher capacity, reduced chemical consumption during regeneration or improved physical properties.In this research, the performance of a WAC resin used for boiler feedwater treatment in oil & gas operations (resin A) was compared with two new commercial resins (resins B & C).The results indicated that resin B had the highest operational capacity in comparison to A & C. During regeneration, resin B was the most efficient with 0.43 meq of calcium and magnesium removed from the feed per meq of HCl consumed during regeneration, slightly higher than resins A & C at 0.38 and 0.30 meq/meq respectively. All three resins demonstrated preferential affinity for calcium over magnesium. As breakthrough approached, previously adsorbed magnesium ions were released back to the water resulting in a spike in effluent magnesium that was ≈3× higher than in the feed stream. In full-scale systems, breakthrough can be determined by measuring only the effluent magnesium concentration which can be more sensitive parameter than total hardness and/or calcium.

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Section: Resin Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of new ion exchange resins for hardness removal from boiler feedwater

et al. 2018

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“…In order to calculate the amount of lysine adsorbed by the resin, it was necessary to know the volume of liquid held between the resin particles. This was determined by a centrifuge method (Pepper, Reichenberg & Hale, 1952). It was found that the total amount of liquid taken up by the resin (including the liquid between the particles of resin) was dependent on the pH of the buffer, but the amount of liquid removed by centrifuging remained almost constant (1.8 ml./g.…”

Section: Aamentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of neutral proteins on ion‐exchange resins

Boardman

Partridge

1954

J. Polym. Sci.

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The effect of pH of buffer on the adsorption of cytochrome C on the ion exchange resin IRC 50 has been studied in detail and the information gained has been used to predict conditions for the separation of neutral proteins such as the hemoglobins. The behavior of a protein on the resin is markedly different from that of ampholytes of low molecular weight such as the basic amino acids. The basic amino acids are desorbed as the pH falls below 5 due to suppression of the ionization of the resin carboxyl groups, but the adsorption of protein is greatly increased under acidic conditions. It is suggested that this is due to a large increase in secondary short‐range forces. Sheep fetal CO hemoglobin has been separated from bovine CO hemoglobin and bovine CO hemoglobin from bovine methemoglobin. The eluting buffer was citrate of pH 5.81 and 5.92, respectively, and Na+ concentration 0.34 g. ions per liter. In initial experiments, heavy losses of the CO hemoglobins occurred which was most probably due, to a large extent, to the formation of methemoglobin. To obtain good yields, it is necessary to work at a temperature near 0°C. and to use freshly prepared proteins.

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“…20) After measurement of the weight of microspheres in wet state, the microspheres were dried at 60°C for 24 h and the weight was re-measured. The degree of water uptake was calculated with the following equation:…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem) Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Spherical and Deformable Chitosan Microspheres for Arterial Embolization

Kang

Park

Choi

et al. 2010

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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The aim of this study was to fabricate deformable chitosan (CS) microspheres for arterial embolization. CS microspheres containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by ionotropic gelation; PEG was then removed from the CS microspheres to produce the highly porous structure to allow deformability. The porosity was controlled by blending ratios of CS/PEG polymers (CS/PEG‫؍‬from 100/0 to 15/85) and the effect of porosity on microcatheter delivery was examined. The size range of porous microspheres was 500-600 m mm with sphericity between 1.012-1.041. Scanning electron microscope observation confirmed that microporous networks were effectively obtained by PEG extraction proportional to the initial amount of PEG. Water retention capacities, indicative of internal porosities of microspheres, increased with increasing initial amounts of blended PEG. CS microspheres with water retention values of greater than 28% exhibited noticeable deformation and smooth passage through the microcatheter tip. Novel deformable microspheres are, therefore, expected to be clinically applicable for arterial embolization.

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599. Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part IV. Swelling and shrinkage of sulphonated polystyrenes of different cross-linking

Abstract: Ion-exchange Resins in ReLatiogz to Strzbct z m . Pad I V . 3 129 599. Pyoperties of Pon-exch,ange Resins in Relation to Their Xtructure. Swelling und Xhrinkage of Xulphonated Polystyrenes of Pa,rt I V.* Different Crosslinking.

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of new ion exchange resins for hardness removal from boiler feedwater

Evaluation of new ion exchange resins for hardness removal from boiler feedwater

Separation of neutral proteins on ion‐exchange resins

Highly Spherical and Deformable Chitosan Microspheres for Arterial Embolization

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