[6] An open channel flow chamber for characterizing biofilm formation on biomaterial surfaces

An, Yuehuei H.; McGlohorn, Jonathan B.; Bednarski, Brian Keith; Martin, Kylie L.; Friedman, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(01)37008-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First is that the biofilm growth conditions presented may not reflect those encountered in vivo. A biofilm bioreactor might offer a more sophisticated approach to simulating growth conditions [3, 10, 34]. However, it is inherently difficult to define the complex milieu of an infection site, and the assays used here were sufficient to define differences between material types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Using Polymerizable Vancomycin Derivatives

Lawson

Hoth

DeForest

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBiofilm formation on indwelling medical devices is a ubiquitous problem causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality. In orthopaedic surgery, this problem is exacerbated by the large number and variety of material types that are implanted. Metallic hardware in conjunction with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is commonly used.Questions/purposesWe asked whether polymerizable derivatives of vancomycin might be useful to (1) surface modify Ti-6Al-4V alloy and to surface/bulk modify PMMA bone cement to prevent Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation and (2) whether the process altered the compressive modulus, yield strength, resilience, and/or fracture strength of cement copolymers.MethodsA Ti-6Al-4V alloy was silanized with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in preparation for subsequent polymer attachment. Surfaces were then coated with polymers formed from PEG(375)-acrylate or a vancomycin-PEG(3400)-PEG(375)-acrylate copolymer. PMMA was loaded with various species, including vancomycin and several polymerizable vancomycin derivatives. To assess antibiofilm properties of these materials, initial bacterial adherence to coated Ti-6Al-4V was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biofilm dry mass was determined on PMMA coupons; the compressive mechanical properties were also determined.ResultsSEM showed the vancomycin-PEG(3400)-acrylate-type surface reduced adherent bacteria numbers by approximately fourfold when compared with PEG(375)-acrylate alone. Vancomycin-loading reduced all mechanical properties tested; in contrast, loading a vancomycin-acrylamide derivative restored these deficits but demonstrated no antibiofilm properties. A polymerizable, PEGylated vancomycin derivative reduced biofilm attachment but resulted in inferior cement mechanical properties.Clinical RelevanceThe approaches presented here may offer new strategies for developing biofilm-resistant orthopaedic materials. Specifically, polymerizable derivatives of traditional antibiotics may allow for direct polymerization into existing materials such as PMMA bone cement while minimizing mechanical property compromise. Questions remain regarding ideal monomer structure(s) that confer biologic and mechanical benefits.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Using Polymerizable Vancomycin Derivatives

Lawson

Hoth

DeForest

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flow-assisted translation in micro-and macroscale models of bacterial transport should be considered, even where bulk flow Reynolds numbers are larger than unity, since flow right at the surface may be laminar enough to accommodate this phenomenon. In particular, upstream swimming of bacteria might be relevant to the transport of E. coli in the upper urinary tract (leading to pyelonephritis) [16], infection in catheterized patients [17,18], the incidence of microbial contamination at protected wellheads [19,20], and biofilm formation [21,22] in flow channels. In addition, the ability to sort flagellated cells based on their size, shape, and swim speed in simple flow chambers could have numerous biomedical applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Surface Interactions EnableEscherichia Colito Seek Efficient Routes to Swim Upstream

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escherichia coli in shear flow near a surface are shown to exhibit a steady propensity to swim towards the left (within the relative coordinate system) of that surface. This phenomenon depends solely on the local shear rate on the surface, and leads to cells eventually aligning and swimming upstream preferentially along a left sidewall or crevice in a wide range of flow conditions. The results indicate that flow-assisted translation and upstream swimming along surfaces might be relevant in various models of bacterial transport, such as in pyelonephritis and bacterial migration in wet soil and aquatic environments in general.

show abstract

“…Glass surfaces have been widely utilized as model surfaces to study bacterial adhesion in vitro under stationary or flow chamber conditions (3,5,30). Glass offers good possibilities for alteration of the surface properties through chemical modification by silanization techniques, but most real biomaterials differ from glass in that they are not translucent, thereby preventing enumeration of attached bacteria by optical techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence-Based Bacterial Overlay Method for Simultaneous In Situ Quantification of Surface-Attached Bacteria

Müller

Gröger²,

Hiller

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For quantification of bacterial adherence to biomaterial surfaces or to other surfaces prone to biofouling, there is a need for methods that allow a comparative analysis of small material specimens. A new method for quantification of surface-attached biotinylated bacteria was established by in situ detection with fluorescencelabeled avidin-D. This method was evaluated utilizing a silicon wafer model system to monitor the influences of surface wettability and roughness on bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the effects of protein preadsorption from serum, saliva, human serum albumin, and fibronectin were investigated. Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, and Staphylococcus aureus were chosen as model organisms because of their differing adhesion properties and their clinical relevance. To verify the results obtained by this new technique, scanning electron microscopy and agar replica plating were employed. Oxidized and poly(ethylene glycol)-modified silicon wafers were found to be more resistant to bacterial adhesion than wafers coated with hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon moieties. Roughening of the chemically modified surfaces resulted in an overall increase in bacterial attachment. Preadsorption of proteins affected bacterial adherence but did not fully abolish the influence of the original surface chemistry. However, in certain instances, mostly with saliva or serum, masking of the underlying surface chemistry became evident. The new bacterial overlay method allowed a reliable quantification of surface-attached bacteria and could hence be employed for measuring bacterial adherence on material specimens in a variety of applications.Colonization of material surfaces by bacteria is an unwanted event in many medical applications and also in situations where materials become subject to biofouling (16). Therefore, the evaluation of bacterial adherence to existent materials and to newly developed experimental materials or material coatings is of great importance. A number of techniques for the quantification of attached bacteria have been described, including in situ visualization by epifluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy. Also, indirect techniques for quantification of bacteria after removal from the surface, such as scintillation counting of radiolabeled organisms, quantification by metabolites (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride), and enumeration by use of a Coulter Counter, by flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting), or by spectrophotometry (1), are available. A simple method for estimation of the extent of bacterial colonization is provided by imprinting the colonized material surface onto agar growth media (replica plating technique), followed by visual comparison of colony densities (10). Although microscopic methods provide the most direct determination of attached bacteria, counting of organisms is a meticulous task due to the small sections that can be observed at once by the required highmagnifying ...

show abstract

[6] An open channel flow chamber for characterizing biofilm formation on biomaterial surfaces

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Using Polymerizable Vancomycin Derivatives

Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Using Polymerizable Vancomycin Derivatives

Hydrodynamic Surface Interactions EnableEscherichia Colito Seek Efficient Routes to Swim Upstream

Fluorescence-Based Bacterial Overlay Method for Simultaneous In Situ Quantification of Surface-Attached Bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About