6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline in pineal gland of chicken and cock

Kari, Ilkka

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(81)80223-2

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Significant amounts of 6-methoxy-dihydro-P-carbolines and 6-methoxy-tetrahydro-p-carbolines were thought to be formed in the pineal gland [12], and more recently 6-methoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-p-carboline was identified in chicken pineals [18]. Both behavioral and pharmacological observations suggest that p-carbolines antagonize the anxiolytic, anticon vulsant, muscle-relaxant and sedative/hypnotic actions of BZP in experimental animals and man [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

Löwenstein

Cardinali

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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High affinity binding of ³H-flunitrazepam (FNZP) to crude membrane preparations of bovine pineal membranes was examined by a rapid filtration procedure through Whatman GFB paper. At 0 °C binding reached equilibrium in about 20 min. Scatchard analysis of data at equilibrium revealed a single population of binding sites with dissociation constant (Kd) = 3.14 ± 0.45 nM and binding site concentration (B_max) = 55.6 ± 5.6 fmol/mg protein. Kinetic analysis of the association and dissociation curves indicated a kinetic K_d = 1.13 nM, in reasonable agreement to that obtained at equilibrium. When various benzodiazepine (BZP) analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit ³H-FNZP binding, the following Ki (nM) were obtained:clonazepam (0.22), Ro 15–1788 (0.48), FNZP (0.95), Ro 5–4864 (>10,000). When the β-carboline derivative ³H-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate ester (EβCEE) was used as a radioligand, K_d at equilibrium (0.98 nM), kinetic Kd (1.69 nM) and affinity order for analogues were in close agreement to those found for FNZP binding; however, B_max was about 60% that observed for ³H-FNZP binding. Addition of GABA or pentobarbital (100 μM) to pineal membranes increased ³H-FNZP binding by 55 and 72%. These results suggest the existence of a mixed population of type 1 and type 2 central BZP receptor subclass in bovine pineal gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

Löwenstein

Cardinali

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Pinoline is another derivative of tryptophan that was isolated from the pineal gland and from other tissues [13, 14]. This β‐carboline may be formed by the condensation of indoleamines with aldehydes at physiological pH [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo hepatic oxidative stress because of carbon tetrachloride toxicity: protection by melatonin and pinoline

Aranda

Calleja

Lostalé

et al. 2010

Journal of Pineal Research

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The protective in vivo effects of melatonin or pinoline on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced oxidative damage were investigated in liver of rats and compared to rats injected only with CCl(4) (5 mL/kg body weight). Hepatic cell membrane fluidity, monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy, exhibited a significant decrease in animals exposed to CCl(4) compared to control rats. Increases in lipid and protein oxidation, as assessed by concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA), and protein carbonylation, respectively, were also seen in hepatic homogenates of animals exposed to CCl(4). The administration of melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) or pinoline injected 30 min before and 1 hr after CCl(4), fully prevented membrane rigidity and protein oxidation. However, treatment with melatonin was more effective in terms of reducing lipid peroxidation than pinoline, as the increases in MDA+4-HDA levels because of CCl(4) were reduced by 93.4% and 34.4% for melatonin or pinoline, respectively. Livers from CCl(4)-injected rats showed several histopathological alterations; above all, there were signs of necrosis and ballooning degeneration. The concurrent administration of melatonin or pinoline reduced the severity of these morphological changes. On the basis of the biochemical and histopathological findings, we conclude that both melatonin and pinoline were highly effective in protecting the liver against oxidative damage and membrane rigidity because of CCl(4). Therefore, these indoles may be useful as cotreatments for patients with hepatic intoxication induced by CCl(4).

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“…The occurrence, origin, metabolism and effects of 6-carbolines have been recently reviewed by our group (Airaksinen & Kari 1981a,b). We have suggested that the main synthesis site of 6-MeO-THBC could be the pineal (Kari 1981) but a local retinal synthesis remains to be investigated. 6-MeO-THBC may be formed either by the condensation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and subsequent methylation or by the cyclization of 5-methoxytryptamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pineal 6-MeO-THBC may function as a hormone as does melatonin. The levels of pineal 6-MeO-THBC seem to be related to a circadian rhythm (Kari 1981). Because of the many similarities in the structure, origin and pharmacology between 6-MeO-THBC and melatonin the previously mentioned characteristics of melatonin should also be investigated in respect to 6-MeO-THBC and other p-carbolines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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[¹⁴C]6‐METHOXY‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINE IN RETINAL AND OTHER TISSUES AFTER INTRAVASCULAR AND INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS IN MICE AND RATS

Leino

Antikaínen

Airaksinen

et al. 1983

Acta Ophthalmologica

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6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeO-THBC) is a condensation product of 5-methoxytryptamine and formaldehyde. It possesses diverse biochemical and pharmacological properties and has been suggested to act as a neuromodulator. 6-MeO-THBC has been shown to occur in various tissues including the retina in animals and human beings. The present results show that the mouse and rat retina as well as other tissues take up 14C-labelled 6-MeO-THBC injected intravenously or intravitreally. The retinal concentrations show a prompt rise after the injection and significant levels are maintained after 2 days.

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6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline in pineal gland of chicken and cock

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

In vivo hepatic oxidative stress because of carbon tetrachloride toxicity: protection by melatonin and pinoline

[¹⁴C]6‐METHOXY‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINE IN RETINAL AND OTHER TISSUES AFTER INTRAVASCULAR AND INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS IN MICE AND RATS

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6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline in pineal gland of chicken and cock

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

Characterization of Flunitrazepam and Beta-Carboline High Affinity Binding in Bovine Pineal Gland

In vivo hepatic oxidative stress because of carbon tetrachloride toxicity: protection by melatonin and pinoline

[14C]6‐METHOXY‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINE IN RETINAL AND OTHER TISSUES AFTER INTRAVASCULAR AND INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS IN MICE AND RATS

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[¹⁴C]6‐METHOXY‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINE IN RETINAL AND OTHER TISSUES AFTER INTRAVASCULAR AND INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS IN MICE AND RATS