Latar belakang. Penyakit Japanese encephalitis (JE) diperkirakan menjadi endemis di seluruh negara Asia, namun hanya sedikit kasus yang telah dilaporkan dari negara-negara tropis Asia seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Pilipina. Di Indonesia terutama di Bali, penelitian mengenai faktor risiko lingkungan pasien JE pada manusia masih sangat terbatas.

1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tetrahydroharman) has been quantified in human platelets and plasma following acute intake of ethanol using a selective ion monitoring method. It was not possible to detect this compound before ethanol intake.

The structure activity relationships of tryptolines and some other P-carbolines and tryptamines as inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT). dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) uptake were studied in rat brain synaptosomes. All P-carbolines inhibited to higher degree the uptake of 5-HT than that of D A or NA (IC50's 5-100 times lower). The most potent tryptoline derivative was 6-hydroxy-tetrahydro-P-carboline (5-hydroxytryptoline, 6-OH-THBC) with an IC50 of 5.OX IO-'M at a 5-HT concentration of IO-'M. 6-Methoxy-tetrahydro-P-carboline (5-methoxytryptoline) was slightly weaker; the inhibition of 5-HT uptake and DA uptake being competitive. Also tetrahydro-P-carboline (tryptoline) was more potent than its 1-methylderivative, tetrahydroharmane (methtryptoline) or norharmane (P-carboline). All of them were, however, weaker inhibitors of 5-HT uptake than the freely rotating indoleamines N-methyl-tryptamine (N-Me-T) or 5-HT itself. N-Me-T and5-HT were also more potent inhibitors of D A and NA uptake than most of the P-carbolines, DA uptake, however, was inhibited better by 6-OH-THBC than by 5-HT or N-Me-T. Tetrahydro-P-carbolines may inhibit 5-HT uptake also in vivo but it is unlikely that catecholamine uptake is affected.

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