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Todorova, M.; Ivanov, P.; Shindrova, P.; Christov, M.; Ivanova, I.

doi:10.1023/a:1002966824988

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…22 For example, Todorova argues that although Balkan nationalism destroyed the imagined community of Orthodox Christianity, 23 it 'managed to preserve a frozen, unchangeable and stultifyingly uniform image of the Muslim community, and consistently dealt with it in millet terms'. 24 Çağaptay makes a similar point when he writes: 'The nationalizationthrough-religion that dominates nationalisms in Turkey (and Greece) points at the saliency of the millet system and ethno-religious identities in the former Ottoman lands'. 25 The Ottoman Empire did not engage in assimilation or religious conversion campaigns in a systematic or massive scale.…”

Section: A the Religious Cleavage As An Ottoman Legacymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nation‐building policies in the Balkans: an Ottoman or a manufactured legacy?

Mylonas

2019

Nations and Nationalism

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Are post‐Ottoman nation‐building policies in the Balkans a legacy of the millet system? Some contend that the discriminatory nation‐building policies along religious lines employed by Balkan nations ruling elites are a legacy of the Ottoman era millet system (administration by religious affiliation); others argue that the Ottoman legacy is palpable in the millet‐like features preserved in the minority rights protection system resulting from World War I, and yet other scholars see the millet system as a critical antecedent. Studying closely the policies towards non‐core groups in the post‐Ottoman Balkans, one finds that the ‘Ottoman legacy’ is much more differentiated than is commonly assumed and that effects vary widely from place to place. Moreover, I argue that the persistence of certain features from one period to another may be an actual legacy in some cases, but there is also a possibility that we are dealing with a manufactured legacy, where elites choose to intervene and perpetuate an institution or a particular feature of it. I empirically demonstrate this distinction in a crucial case using archival sources.

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Section: A the Religious Cleavage As An Ottoman Legacymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…46 Bunce (2005). 47 Todorova (1997), Glenny (2001: xxi-xxvi), and Mazower (2001). 48 Similarly, finds that colonial states did not follow uniform policies in Africa.…”

Section: Harris Mylonas 878mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nation‐building policies in the Balkans: an Ottoman or a manufactured legacy?

Mylonas

2019

Nations and Nationalism

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“…The production of haploid sunflower plants by γ-induced parthenogenesis was first attempted at the Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (Bulgaria) in 1993 [ 90 ]. In 1997, Bulgarian researchers published the first communication about the successful production of H. annuus L. using this technique [ 91 ].…”

Section: Induced Parthenogenesis By γ-Irradiated Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technology for producing doubled haploids using γ-induced parthenogenesis comprises several steps ( Figure 4 ). Initially, the florets of the sunflower capitulum are emasculated either manually [ 51 , 92 ] or chemically [ 16 , 91 ] using a double treatment of the upper pair of leaves and by developing floret buds with a diameter of 1–1.45 cm using GA 3 (45 mg/L) at an interval of 2 days. A necessary condition is the strict isolation of the emasculated plants to prevent any foreign pollen from affecting the process.…”

Section: Induced Parthenogenesis By γ-Irradiated Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Helianthus Haploids: A Review of Its Current Status and Future Prospects

Blinkov

Varlamova

Kurenina

et al. 2022

Plants

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The genus Helianthus comprises 52 species and 19 subspecies, with the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) representing one of the most important oilseed crops in the world, which is also of value for fodder and technical purposes. Currently, the leading direction in sunflower breeding is to produce highly effective heterosis F1 hybrids with increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The production of inbred parental lines via repeated self-pollination takes 4–8 years, and the creation of a commercial hybrid can take as long as 10 years. However, the use of doubled haploid technology allows for the obtainment of inbred lines in one generation, shortening the time needed for hybrid production. Moreover, it allows for the introgression of the valuable genes present in the wild Helianthus species into cultivated sunflowers. Additionally, this technology makes it possible to manipulate the ploidy level, thereby restoring fertility in interspecific hybridization. This review systematizes and analyzes the knowledge available thus far about the production of haploid and dihaploid Helianthus plants using male (isolated anther and microspore cultures) and female (unpollinated ovaries and ovules culture) gametophytes, as well as by induced parthenogenesis using γ-irradiated pollen and interspecific hybridization. The genetic, physiological, and physical factors influencing the efficiency of haploid plant production are considered. A special section focuses on the approaches used to double a haploid chromosome set and the direct and indirect methods for determining the ploidy level. The current analyzed data on the successful application of haploid sunflower plants in breeding are summarized.

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“…In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ) in vitro androgenesis and gynogenesis are not sufficiently resultant and therefore pollination with irradiated pollen in combination with embryo culture has proved to be the only efficient method for production of haploid and doubled haploid forms (12). Different approaches are used to clarify the origin of the obtained diploid plants, the most informative being molecular analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%