64 × 64 GM-APD array-based readout integrated circuit for 3D imaging applications

Wu, Jin; Qian, Zhenyu; Zhao, Yongtao; Yu, Xiangrong; Zheng, Lirong; Sun, Weifeng

doi:10.1007/s11432-018-9712-7

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We use the LiDAR with center wavelength of 1064 nm and use the photon time-of-flight method to collect depth information of the target [25], [28].…”

Section: A Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gm-APD LiDAR Single-Source Data Self-Guided: Obtaining High-Resolution Depth Map

Song

Sun

Yan

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) array LiDAR has become the current research focus due to its sensitive response, high precision, and easy integration. However, due to the limitations of the fabrication process and manufacturing cost, the images collected by Gm-APD array LiDAR have very serious image low-resolution problems. Since the intensity map and depth map of the target can be obtained simultaneously by relying on single-source data from Gm-APD array LiDAR, we propose a Gm-APD LiDAR single-source data self-guided method. We propose to first perform Gm-APD LiDAR intensity map superresolution, and then use the processed intensity map with the corresponding depth map for guided superresolution. The advantage of this process is that instead of using high-resolution (HR) imaging devices from different domains, it relies only on single-source data from Gm-APD LiDAR to obtain HR depth map, thus eliminating the need for additional image registration work and providing wider applicability. We investigate the feasibility of the proposed singlesource data processing method and evaluate our method on the real Gm-APD LiDAR single-source data with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio of 42.21, which better preserves the original distance information of the targets while providing visually sharper outputs.

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“…We use the LiDAR with center wavelength of 1064 nm and use the photon time-of-flight method to collect depth information of the target [25], [28].…”

Section: A Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gm-APD LiDAR Single-Source Data Self-Guided: Obtaining High-Resolution Depth Map

Song

Sun

Yan

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…The flash lidar can image a building about 600 m away with 0.31 m range accuracy. An ROIC was designed for the 64 × 64 Geiger‐mode APD array by the Branch School of Southeast University 159 . The ROIC, which included a two‐segment TDC for wide‐dynamic time interval measurement, was fabricated by 0.18 μm CMOS technology.…”

Section: Pulsed‐laser Three‐dimensional Imaging Flash Lidar Using Apd...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ROIC was designed for the 64 Â 64 Geiger-mode APD array by the Branch School of Southeast University. 159 The ROIC, which included a two-segment TDC for widedynamic time interval measurement, was fabricated by 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The time resolution of the ROIC was less than 1 ns and the maximum range of 4 μs as well as the frame rate was 20 kHz.…”

Section: Pulsed-laser Three-dimensional Imaging Flash Lidar Using Apd...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays

Hao

Tao

Cao

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Over the past two decades, pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays has attracted extensive research interest due to its great potential for both military and civilian applications. This invited paper gives a brief review of the state‐of‐art pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays. The principle of the pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays is briefly introduced. According to the working mode of the APD arrays, we divide the current flash lidar into two types: the linear‐mode and the Geiger‐mode. The performances of the pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays working at linear‐mode and the Geiger‐mode are summarized. The opportunities and challenges in this field are also discussed. This review is expected to provide a snapshot of the current landscape of flash lidar using APD arrays to attract more interest in this field.

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“…Unfortunately, the space-related fabrication constraints lead to a trade-off between the number of pixels and temporal resolution, which results in a coarser timing resolution for SPAD array detectors [14]. An SPAD array typically provides hundreds of picoseconds of temporal resolution compared with tens of picoseconds for single-pixel SPAD detectors [15][16][17][18][19]. The depth resolution of SPAD decreases by two orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dithered Depth Imaging for Single-Photon Lidar at Kilometer Distances

Chang

Chen

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Depth imaging using single-photon lidar (SPL) is crucial for long-range imaging and target recognition. Subtractive-dithered SPL breaks through the range limitation of the coarse timing resolution of the detector. Considering the weak signals at kilometer distances, we present a novel imaging method based on blending subtractive dither with a total variation image restoration algorithm. The spatial correlation is well-considered to obtain more accurate depth profile images with fewer signal photons. Subsequently, we demonstrate the subtractive dither measurement at ranges up to 1.8 km using an array of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in the Geiger mode. Compared with the pixel-wise maximum-likelihood estimation, the proposed method reduces the depth error, which has great promise for high-depth resolution imaging at long-range imaging.

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64 × 64 GM-APD array-based readout integrated circuit for 3D imaging applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Gm-APD LiDAR Single-Source Data Self-Guided: Obtaining High-Resolution Depth Map

Gm-APD LiDAR Single-Source Data Self-Guided: Obtaining High-Resolution Depth Map

Development of pulsed‐laser three‐dimensional imaging flash lidar using APD arrays

Dithered Depth Imaging for Single-Photon Lidar at Kilometer Distances

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