“…The use of constructivist learning theory is aimed at encouraging students to be able to build their own capabilities (Kristanto, 2021;Mulyati, 2016;Nurhidayati, 2017;Nurlina et al, 2021;Supardi et al, 2019;Suparlan, 2019). This capability will trigger the growth of students' abilities, especially in the cognitive aspect (Kamath & Kumar, 2023;Minarni & Napitupulu, 2020;Suwannaphisit et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2020). This constructivist learning theory is so important in the learning process (Cai et al, 2021;Hasnah et al, 2019;Yustina & Kapsin, 2017).…”