8 × 10 Gbit/s Repeaterless Transmission over 150 km of Dispersion-Shifted Fiber Using Fluoride-Based Amplifiers

Clesca, B.; Artigaud, S.; Pierre, Laurent; Thiéry, J.-P.

doi:10.1364/oaa.1995.sab5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Development of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) has attained enormous commercial success of fiber-optic telecommunication using the 1.55-µm wavelength band [1]. However, amplifiers in the 1.31-µm communication window have received less attention, even though silica glass shows zero dispersion in the 1.31-µm wavelength region and most installed fibers worldwide are optimized at this wavelength [2,3]. As the transmission capability of the current 1.55-µm window is quickly reaching its satu-ration point, even with state-of-art dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) techniques, commercial services using wavelengths other than 1.55 µm need to be established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1.3-μm-emission properties and local structure of Dy3+ in chalcohalide glasses

Heo

2002

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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Spectroscopic properties and local structure of rare-earth ions in Ge-Ga-S glasses with the addition of alkali halides were investigated. The intensity of the 1.31-µm emission from Dy 3+ ( 6 F 11/2 • 6 H 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 ) increased sharply when the appropriate amount of alkali halides was added, at the expense of the 1.75-µm emission intensity ( 6 H 11/2 → 6 H 15/2 ). The lifetimes of the 1.31-µm emission level also increased as much as 35 times from 38 µs for Ge-Ga-S glass (0.1 at.% Dy 3+ ) to 1320 µs for glass containing 10 mol% of CsBr. These enhancements occurred only when the ratio of MX(M = K,Cs and X = Br, I)/Ga was equal to or larger than unity. Phonon side band (PSB) showed that the several local phonon modes, with the frequencies around 100 cm -1 , were coupled to 4f electrons of Eu 3+ . The nearest neighbors of Eu 3+ ions are composed of halogen ions that are part of well-structured complex such as EuCl 3 , tetrahedral [GaS 3/2 Cl]subunit and/or Ga 2 Cl 6 . A small amount of As was added to increase the resistivity against the recrystallization during re-heating. The best composition for practical usage was 0.7 [Ge 0.25 As 0.10 S 0.65 ]-0.15 GaS 3/2 -0.15 CsBr. This glass also exhibited high resistance against the attack of liquid water and is therefore a potential material for efficient fiber-optic amplifiers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pr 3+ can provide 1.31-µm emission from the Pr 3+ : 1 G 4 → 3 H 5 transition [4], and the optimization of this emission has been actively investigated [3][4][5][6]. A module made of Pr 3+ -doped fluoride glass fibers com-bined with a 1.017-µm laser diode provided approximately a 30-dB gain [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1.3-μm-emission properties and local structure of Dy3+ in chalcohalide glasses

Heo

2002

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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“…Other schemes have been proposed based either on specialized modulation of the transmitted light [71,75] or using devices introduced into the transmission line [74,146]. Increasing the channel spacing can be used to reduce the efficiency of generation of mixing products [31] but the improvement comes at the expense of optical bandwidth, and when DSF is employed, care has to be taken to avoid positioning channels at Ao or equidistant from Ao in any fiber span. With non-zero-dispersion fiber, the approximation TJ ex: 1/l1f4 holds, therefore doubling the bandwidth suppresses FPM by 12 dB and (see Eq.…”

Section: Four-photon Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%