8 Lessons from the field: Irrealis mood in Lung’Ie

Irrealis Mood in Lung’Ie: Ka

“…The analysis we will present throughout this section is based on the available literature on Lung'Ie (GÜNTHER, 1973;MAURER, 1997MAURER, , 2009AGOSTINHO, 2015, 2016bARAUJO, 2021;RECH, 2023) and on original fieldwork data collected in Príncipe Island (AGOSTINHO, 2009(AGOSTINHO, , 2016a(AGOSTINHO, , 2019RECH, 2016). All glosses are from the original authors unless otherwise noted.…”

“…DE HAAN, 2006, p. 41), in which the future is marked as irrealis. In the second author's data (AGOSTINHO, 2009(AGOSTINHO, , 2016a(AGOSTINHO, , 2019, future tense affirmative constructions (see section 2.3.2) always have ka or another form of it, such as (sa) ke or keka (agglutination of sa + ka + vika 'come' (cf. MAURER, 2009, p. 81)).…”

“…The corpus of research about the Lung'Ie linguistic system is still quite small, within which we can highlight the works of Günther (1973), Maurer (1997Maurer ( , 2009, Agostinho (2015Agostinho ( , 2016b, and Agostinho and Rech (2023). According to Günther (1973), ka marks the habitual aspect, future tense, generic reference, and iterative contexts.…”

“…Our investigation is based on the available literature on Lung'Ie (GÜNTHER, 1973;MAURER, 1997MAURER, , 2009AGOSTINHO, 2015AGOSTINHO, , 2016bARAUJO, 2021;RECH, 2021) and original fieldwork data (AGOSTINHO, 2009(AGOSTINHO, , 2016a(AGOSTINHO, , 2019RECH, 2016). 5 This paper builds upon the analysis presented in Agostinho and Rech (2023), incorporating a different and expanded set of data as well as new contexts to provide a more comprehensive examination.…”

“…The transcriptions are left as provided by the original authors. The data fromAgostinho (2009Agostinho ( , 2016aAgostinho ( , 2019 andAgostinho and Rech (2016) was transcribed by the second author using the Alfabeto Unificado para as Línguas Nativas de São Tomé e Príncipe (ALUSTP)(PONTÍFICE et al, 2010).6 One of Günther's informants was also the second author informant.…”