“…When the polymer is in the swollen state, the surface becomes hydrophilic and, on collapsing of the polymer chains the surface, becomes relatively hydrophobic, thus offering a way of thermally controlling the behavior of surfaces. The "grafting from" method uses pre-attached initiators/precursors on the surface, which are further used for polymerization from the surface and thus allow better control of grafting density of the polymer (Suzuki et al, 2000;Yakushiji et al, 1999). Thermo-responsive polymers have been grafted onto surfaces by using radiation-induced polymerization approaches such as electron beam irradiation (Akiyama, Kikuchi, Yamato, & Okano, 2004;Hirose, Kwon, Yamato, Kikuchi, & Okano, 2000), UV-induced polymerization (Sugawara & Matsuda, 1994;Von Recum et al, 1998), and plasma polymerization (Cheng et al, 2005;Pan, Wesley, Luginbuhl, Denton, & Ratner, 2001).…”