882 lakes of the Cordillera Blanca: An inventory, classification, evolution and assessment of susceptibility to outburst floods

Emmer, Adam; Klimeš, Jan; Mergili, Martin; Vilímek, Vít; Cochachín, Alejo

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.032

Cited by 122 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…6, it can be imagined that existing lakes could evolve, over time, into partly filled lakes and later disappearing due to complete filling by sediment. Filling of a lake basin by sediment infill is a gradual process, and lakes with stable dams may persist for long time periods until they are filled (Emmer et al 2016). Other possible evolution could lead to the disappearance of a lake by dam collapse (failure) or by spillway erosion and breaching.…”

Section: Morphological Analysis Of the Cordillera Blanca Inventory Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis and features of the landslide dams in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

et al. 2017

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Section: Morphological Analysis Of the Cordillera Blanca Inventory Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis and features of the landslide dams in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

et al. 2017

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“…A total number of 8355 lakes >5000 m 2 have formed as a consequence of glacier retreat since the cold period of the Little Ice Age which terminated towards of the late 19th century [25,26]. The number of new lakes is especially high in the Cordilleras Carabaya (Cusco and Puno departments; 1314 lakes), Central (Lima-Junín; 1006), Blanca (Ancash; 830), La Viuda (Lima-Junín-Pasco; 816), and Chonta (Huancavelica-Ayacucho; 804).…”

Section: Region Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of new lakes is especially high in the Cordilleras Carabaya (Cusco and Puno departments; 1314 lakes), Central (Lima-Junín; 1006), Blanca (Ancash; 830), La Viuda (Lima-Junín-Pasco; 816), and Chonta (Huancavelica-Ayacucho; 804). Catastrophic outburst floods occurred repeatedly [16,17], necessitating extensive work for hazard protection [26,27]. Concern about possible disasters originating from lakes at the foot of steep icy slopes continues.…”

Section: Region Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compiling an Inventory of Glacier-Bed Overdeepenings and Potential New Lakes in De-Glaciating Areas of the Peruvian Andes: Approach, First Results, and Perspectives for Adaptation to Climate Change

Colonia

Torres

Haeberli

et al. 2017

Water

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Global warming causes rapid shrinking of mountain glaciers. New lakes can, thus, form in the future where overdeepenings in the beds of still-existing glaciers are becoming exposed. Such new lakes can be amplifiers of natural hazards to downstream populations, but also constitute tourist attractions, offer new potential for hydropower, and may be of interest for water management. Identification of sites where future lakes will possibly form is, therefore, an essential step to initiate early planning of measures for risk reduction and sustainable use as part of adaptation strategies with respect to impacts from climate change. In order to establish a corresponding knowledge base, a systematic inventory of glacier-bed overdeepenings and possible future lakes was compiled for the still glacierized parts of the Peruvian Andes using the 2003-2010 glacier outlines from the national glacier inventory and the SRTM DEM from the year 2000. The resulting inventory contains 201 sites with overdeepened glacier beds >1 ha (10 4 m 2 ) where notable future lakes could form, representing a total volume of about 260 million m 3 . A rough classification was assigned for the most likely formation time of the possible new lakes. Such inventory information sets the stage for analyzing sustainable use and hazard/risk for specific basins or regions.

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“…Better knowledge about the distribution and evolutionary patterns of glacial and high-altitude lakes and an understanding of the associated processes hold great scientific importance and have the potential to help in (i) retroactively understanding of ongoing environmental change, (ii) hazard analysis and risk management of outburst floods and (iii) effective water management (Westoby et al, 2014;Emmer et al, 2015Emmer et al, , 2016. This makes the regular and accurate monitoring of these lakes vital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies and observations made on a global scale have shown that glaciers in various mountain ranges across the world, being particularly sensitive to climatic perturbations, have been retreating and losing mass (Dyurgerov and Meier, 1997;Paul et al, 2007;Bolch et al, 2012) since the beginning of last century except for the Karakoram and western Kunlun Gardelle et al, 2013;Brun et al, 2017). There have been credible reports that this melting of glaciers has led to a dramatic increase in dimension and frequency of the lakes associated with the glaciated and high-mountain regions across the world, such as in the Andes (Lliboutry, 1977;Emmer and Vilímek, 2013;Cook et al, 2016), the Alps (Huggel et al, 2002;Emmer et al, 2015), the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet (HKT) region (Komori, 2008;Bajracharya and Mool, 2009;Gardelle et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011Wang et al, , 2013Song et al, 2014;Aggarwal et al, 2017;Debnath et al, 2018), the central Asia (Janský et al, 2010;Mergili et al, 2013) and western Cordillera of North America (Clague and Evans, 2000;Emmer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Glacial and High-Altitude Lakes in the Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya Over the Past Four Decades (1975–2017)

Shukla

Garg

Srivastava

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Global climate change is significantly triggering the dynamic evolution of high-mountain lakes which may pose a serious threat to downstream areas, warranting their systematic and regular monitoring. This study presents the first temporal inventory of glacial and high-altitude lakes in the Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya for four points in time i.e., 1975, 1991, 2000, and 2017 using Hexagon, TM, ETM+, and OLI images, respectively. First, a baseline data was generated for the year 2000 and then the multi-temporal lake changes were assessed. The annual mapping of SGLs was also performed for four consecutive years (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) to analyze their nature and occurrence pattern. The results show an existence of 463 glacial and high-altitude lakes ( > 0.003 km 2 ) in 2000 which were grouped into four classes: supraglacial (SGL; 50) pro/peri glacial lake in contact with glacier (PGLC; 35), pro/peri glacial lake away from glacier (PGLA; 112) and other lakes (OL; 266). The mean size of lakes is 0.06 km 2 and about 87% lakes have area < 0.1 km 2 . The number of lakes increased (by 9%) from 425 in 1975 to 466 in 2017, accompanied by a rapid areal expansion from 25.17 ± 1.90 to 31.24 ± 2.36 km 2 (24%). The maximum expansion in number (106%) and area (138%) was observed in SGLs, followed by PGLCs (number: 34%; area: 90%). Contrarily no significant change was found in other lakes. The annual SGL mapping reveals that their number (area) increased from 81 (543,153 m 2 ) to 96 (840,973 m 2 ) between 2014 and 2017. Occurrence pattern of SGLs shows that maximum number of lakes ( > 80%) are persistent in nature, followed by drain-out (15-20%) and recurring type lakes (7-8%). The new-formed lakes (9-17%) were consistently noticed in all the years (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). The results of this study underline that regional climate is accelerating the cryosphere thawing and if the current trend continues, further glacier melting will likely occur. Therefore, formation of new lakes and expansion of existing lakes is expected in the study area leading to increase in potential of glacial lake outburst floods. Thereby, persistent attention should be paid to the influences of climatic change in the region.

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882 lakes of the Cordillera Blanca: An inventory, classification, evolution and assessment of susceptibility to outburst floods

Cited by 122 publications

References 70 publications

Morphological analysis and features of the landslide dams in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

Morphological analysis and features of the landslide dams in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

Compiling an Inventory of Glacier-Bed Overdeepenings and Potential New Lakes in De-Glaciating Areas of the Peruvian Andes: Approach, First Results, and Perspectives for Adaptation to Climate Change

Evolution of Glacial and High-Altitude Lakes in the Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya Over the Past Four Decades (1975–2017)

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