900. Rudbeckia Maxima

SummaryThe North American Prairie plant, Parthenium integrifolium L. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ambrosiinae) is described and illustrated. Related genera in the subtribe are commented on, as well as the better‐known species, P. argentatum A. Gray, the Guayule Rubber Plant, and infrageneric taxonomy within Parthenium L., in addition to the characteristics of the genus. Aspects of cultivation, propagation, pests and diseases and availability for P. integrifolium are also noted. A full synonymy of this rather variable species is provided, together with type citations, locations of known types, and related commentary. The distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology, common names and conservation status are stated or discussed, together with comments on usage, and the species' roots being used as an adulterant in preparations of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.

“…(see Hind, 2023;Hind & Lambkin, 2023), Echinacea Moench (see, e.g. Hind, 1987Hind, , 2018Hind, , 2023, or Vernonia Schreb. (see Hind & Langhorne, 2023).…”

Section: Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

1081. Parthenium integrifolium L.: Compositae

Hind,

King

2023

“…In border planting it is useful to contrast the colour with late flowering Solidago nemoralis (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023a), Coreopsis lanceolata (see Hind et al, 2023), Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. (see Rix & Lambkin, 2023), and Rudbeckia hirta (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023c), but it certainly stands out in the Prairie borders at Wakehurst Place, especially later in the flowering season when many other plants have started to die down. It is then sometimes difficult to tell Symphyotrichum laeve apart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nesom (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae) (LOW SHOWY ASTER, SEASIDE PURPLE ASTER, EASTERN SHOWY ASTER, PURPLE WOOD ASTER, SHOWY ASTER), is one of the more obvious plants in the North American Prairie plantings at Wakehurst Place. Its relatively tall stature, wine-coloured stems, and the large violet-blue-rayed capitula, often in many-headed inflorescences, make it stand out in contrast to the often yellow backdrop of Coreopsis lanceolata L. (SPEAR-LEAVED COREOPSIS, LANCE-LEAVED COREOPSIS, LANCE-LEAVED TICKSEED) (see Hind et al, 2023) and Rudbeckia hirta L. (BLACKEYED SUSAN) (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023c) used in the base layer of the Prairie beds, as well as a good overlap in the flowering season with the long-flowering Solidago nemoralis Aiton (OLD-FIELD GOLDENROD, SHOWY GOLDENROD) (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023a). In the North American Prairie beds, Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (SMOOTH ASTER) (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023b), is the most similar member of the Astereae, but is easily separated for those with a keen eye, and a hand lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1077. Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) G.L. Nesom: Compositae

Hind,

Lambkin

2023

SummaryThe North American Prairie plant Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) G.L. Nesom (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae), the showy aster is illustrated and described, along with indications of distribution, habitat and ecology, flowering time, etymology, conservation status and vernacular names. The genus Eurybia (Cass.) Gray is endemic to North America and contains 22 species; it was first proposed as a subgenus of Aster L.; here the correct authority for the genus, and the disposition of Cassini's taxa is discussed—all his taxa now belong in Olearia Moench. Continuing issues with the infrageneric classification of Eurybia are highlighted, the molecular analyses not evidently supporting morphological studies. Eurybia spectabilis belongs to Eurybia subgen. Eurybia sect. Calliastrum (Torr. & A. Gray) G.L. Nesom, of which it is the lectotype; it is an octoploid species. The authority of the generic name is discussed. A full synonymy of the species is provided, together with a full type citation and location of known types together with relevant commentary. Cultivation, including suggestions for contrasting planting, or sympathetic border plantings, propagation, pests and diseases and availability of the species are discussed and commented on, and selected illustrations are cited. Only one natural hybrid, Eurybia ×herveyi A. Gray, purportedly between Eyrybia spectabilis and E. macrophylla (L.) Cass., is known. Spot characters to separate Eurybia spectabilis from Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve in the North American Prairie plantings are provided.

“…The initial sowing of the base layer of the North American Prairie plantings at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew at Wakehurst Place was of two bright yellow members of the Compositae-the subject of this plate, Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Heliantheae: Coreopsidinae) (SPEAR-LEAVED COREOP-SIS, LANCE-LEAVED COREOPSIS), and Rudbeckia hirta L. (Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae), the BLACKEYED SUSAN, with its distinctive 'black eye' of the cone of disc florets (see Hind & Lambkin, 2023c); whilst they were in full flower they were mown down. In the cleared area plug plants of a wide range of prairies species were grown on behind the scenes and then planted out by staff and volunteers alike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1080. Coreopsis lanceolata L.: Compositae

Hind,

Lambkin,

Tebbs

2023

SummaryCoreopsis lanceolata L. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Coreopsidinae) is described and illustrated, a full synonymy provided, and its taxonomic position discussed. The generic concepts are discussed in relation to Bidens L. and Cosmos Cav., noting that molecular studies have so far not been of much practical use. Cultivation requirements are also outlined, and the species long history in the literature, with three centuries of cultivation, is discussed. Methods of propagation, pests and diseases and the species' availability are also covered. Comments are also provided on the growth ‘phases’ of this somewhat variable species outlined in the literature. Rather than pointing to discreet infraspecific entities, they are simply considered part of the range of variation, to the extent that the species' synonymy covers all of the variation. Stemming from a recent literature assessment of plant phylogenies, the odd transfer of well‐known species, in Coreopsis L. and Cosmos, to Bidens, is critiqued. The UV‐absorption patterns reflecting the nectar guides in open capitula is discussed, noting that within the genus there are three distinct modes of distribution of the anthochlor pigments.