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Abstract

Subcutaneous inoculation of 1 ml of ground Theileria annulata tick tissue stabilate (0.75 tick equivalent) into crossbred calves (n = 6, average age 53 days) resulted in the development of acute theileriosis. The percentage parasitaemia was 71.7% +/- 3.3% on day 20 after inoculation. Macroschizonts were observed in lymphocytes and monocytes. Phagocytosed schizonts were observed in neutrophils, along with cytoplasmic vacuolation in monocytes and neutrophils. There was progressive decrease (p < 0.05) in the haemoglobin and packed cell volume, along with a marked reticulocytosis. Serum analysis revealed a decrease (p <0.05) in the concentrations of calcium, cholesterol and triglycerides, while there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen as compared to day 0 values. The total serum proteins, albumin and serum immunoglobulin concentrations and the albumin-to-immunoglobulin ratio showed marked decreases (p<0.05). Coagulopathies included thrombocytopenia and an increased prothrombin time, along with a non-significant increase in the bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time during the terminal stages of the disease. There was an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes during the disease. Morphological alterations in the erythrocytes were observed with the developing parasitaemia.

Studies on alterations of clinical and hemato-biochemical parameters before and after treatment in calves naturally infected with theileriosis

“…These findings are in accordance with several workers [23,26,29,35,36]. Although, the mean±SE values of serum total protein, Glb, Alb and glucose after treatment in Groups I and II were significantly lower as compared to healthy control.…”

“…Earlier, similar findings were also recorded by several workers [23-25]. Although, some workers also observed significant negative correlations between parasitemia and both red blood cell count and PCV in theileriosis infected cattle [26].…”

“…The decline in the values of Hb, TEC, and PCV may be attributed to the destruction of piroplasm infected erythrocytes by macrophages in the lymph nodes, spleen and other organs of the monocyte macrophage system coupled with reduced erythropoietic activity [23,27-29], the toxic effects of metabolites of Theileria species, persistent loss of blood caused by permanent bloodsucking ticks [30] and TNF-α on erythrogenesis [31]. …”

“…annulata causes liver failure [35,39]. Moreover, extra-vascular proteinaceous fluid in body cavities due to diseased lymph nodes [36,40], anorexia and diarrhea also cause hypoproteinemia [23,41]. There was highly significant decrease after treatment were observed in serum ALT and AST level in Groups I and II as compared to its pre-treatment level in all diseased groups.…”

Effect of varied planting time and dehaulming on the yield potential, processing quality and economic benefit in potato

“…The second highest total yield (23.2 t/ha) was observed in D3 planting followed by D1 planting (21.9 t/ha) and these were statistically significant. The lower yield at earlier planting (D1, 31 October) might be due to exposure of crop to high temperature at the time of planting and early growth period (Roy and Jaiswal, 1998;Singh et al, 1974) and has received short duration of low temperature in bulking period. The highest yield at November 15 planting has been reported under similar climatic and edaphic conditions by Akhter et al (2013).…”