In this paper we analyse drawings made by students from the U.S. and Finland when asked to draw their mathematics class. This activity was given to students from 8 classes (n = 131, 9-10 years old) in Finland and 5 classes (n = 94, 8-9 years old) in the U.S. Two separate analyses were conducted: an a priori coding of all drawings and an in-depth analysis of 3 drawings from each country. The coding of drawings focused on students' conceptions about communication and teaching in mathematics. The in-depth analyses captured additional aspects of the class. The results show that the U.S. students have greater self-confidence with respect to knowing/learning mathematics than their Finnish counterparts. In addition, U.S. comments during class were more related to the lesson (teaching), and their teachers gave more feedback. However, little meaningful differences in the overall communication patterns in the Finnish and U.S. classrooms were found.Although much has been written recently about education in Finland to explain Finnish students' very strong performance on international tests such as PISA (e.g., DarlingHammond, 2010), the emphasis of the analysis has primarily focused on systemic and/or policy changes in Finland. Our goal was to explore Finnish students' experiences of classroom mathematics and to contrast those experiences with the experiences of U.S. students (3 rd school year, 8-10 years of age), in both cases through their own eyes, i.e., through their drawings. We were interested in what students considered relevant, what they included in their drawings, and particularly in whether their drawings provided insights into the nature of communication in the mathematics classroom.
Relevant literatureIn our review of pertinent literature related to our study we will review three areas. The first section will focus on research on students' drawings as a communication tool. The second section will focus on using drawings as a data source about the nature of communcation in the mathematics classroom. The final section will look at research on methods of collecting data from young children.