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Reichrath, Jörg; Classen, Ulf G.; Meineke, V.; DeLuca, Hector F.; Tilgen, Wolfgang; Kerber, A.; Holick, Michael F.

doi:10.1023/a:1026748824945

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, rat monoclonal antibody 9A7 and rabbit polyclonal antibody C-20 not only bind to VDR but also nonspecifically to unknown proteins, especially in kidney tissues. 35, 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney

Wang

Borchert

DeLuca

2012

Kidney International

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The kidney is the major, if not sole, site for the production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the biologically active form of vitamin D that can stimulate calcium reabsorption in the kidney and may provide renoprotective benefits. The biological effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are mediated through a nuclear hormone receptor, known as the vitamin D receptor (VDR). It is well accepted that the VDR is present in the distal renal convoluted tubule cells; however, whether VDR is present in other kidney cell types is uncertain. Using a highly specific and sensitive anti-VDR antibody, we determined its distribution in the mouse kidney by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the VDR is not only present in the distal but is also found in the proximal tubules, but at 24-fold lower levels. The VDR was also found in the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, glomerular parietal epithelial cells, and podocytes. In contrast, the VDR is either very low or absent in interstitial fibroblasts, glomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells. Thus, identification of VDR in the proximal tubule, macula densa, and podocytes suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 plays a direct role in these cells under normal conditions.

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“…For example, rat monoclonal antibody 9A7 and rabbit polyclonal antibody C-20 not only bind to VDR but also nonspecifically to unknown proteins, especially in kidney tissues. 35, 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney

Wang

Borchert

DeLuca

2012

Kidney International

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“…The second group, the thyroid receptor family, includes the thyroid hormone receptors (isotypes α1 and β1), whereas the isotype β1 is present in epidermal keratinocytes, outer root sheat cells, cebocytes, dermal papilla cells, and dermal fibroblasts [6, 52, 53], the estrogen receptor-β (but not the estrogen receptor-α) which is expressed in dermal papilla cells and dermal fibroblasts, sebocytes, adipocytes, melanocytes, and keratinocytes of the outer root sheath [48, 54, 55, 56], the retinoic acid receptors (RAR; isotypes α and γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXR; isotypes α, β, γ) which are expressed in epidermal keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum, follicular keratinocytes, sebocytes, and endothelial cells, while only the RXRα isotype is present in melanocytes, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells [57, 58, 59, 60, 61], the vitamin D receptor which is present in keratinocytes of all epidermal layers except those of the stratum corneum, epithelial cells of the epidermal appendages, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, CD11b+ macrophages and CD3+ T-lymphocytes [62, 63], and the peroxisome proliferator-related receptors (PPAR) which are expressed in epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, sebocytes, sweat gland cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes (isotype γ), whereas isotypes α and δ are also expressed in keratinocytes and sebocytes [64]. The members of the thyroid receptor family share a high degree of homology to the proto-oncogene c-erb A and high affinity for a common DNA recognition site.…”

Section: Hormone Receptors In Human Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Skin: An Independent Peripheral Endocrine Organ

2000

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The historical picture of the endocrine system as a set of discrete hormone-producing organs has been substituted by organs regarded as organized communities in which the cells emit, receive and coordinate molecular signals from established endocrine organs, other distant sources, their neighbors, and themselves. In this wide sense, the human skin and its tissues are targets as well as producers of hormones. Although the role of hormones in the development of human skin and its capacity to produce and release hormones are well established, little attention has been drawn to the ability of human skin to fulfil the requirements of a classic endocrine organ. Indeed, human skin cells produce insulin-like growth factors and -binding proteins, propiomelanocortin derivatives, catecholamines, steroid hormones and vitamin D from cholesterol, retinoids from diet carotenoids, and eicosanoids from fatty acids. Hormones exert their biological effects on the skin through interaction with high-affinity receptors, such as receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. In addition, the human skin is able to metabolize hormones and to activate and inactivate them. These steps are overtaken in most cases by different skin cell populations in a coordinated way indicating the endocrine autonomy of the skin. Characteristic examples are the metabolic pathways of the corticotropin-releasing hormone/propiomelanocortin axis, steroidogenesis, vitamin D, and retinoids. Hormones exhibit a wide range of biological activities on the skin, with major effects caused by growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1, neuropeptides, sex steroids, glucocorticoids, retinoids, vitamin D, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, and eicosanoids. At last, human skin produces hormones which are released in the circulation and are important for functions of the entire organism, such as sex hormones, especially in aged individuals, and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. Therefore, the human skin fulfils all requirements for being the largest, independent peripheral endocrine organ.

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The role of nuclear hormone receptors in cutaneous wound repair

Rieger

Zhao

Martin

et al. 2014

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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The cutaneous wound repair process involves balancing a dynamic series of events ranging from inflammation, oxidative stress, cell migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. A complex series of secreted trophic factors, cytokines, surface and intracellular proteins are expressed in a temporospatial manner to restore skin integrity after wounding. Impaired initiation, maintenance or termination of the tissue repair processes can lead to perturbed healing, necrosis, fibrosis or even cancer. Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) in the cutaneous environment regulate tissue repair processes such as fibroplasia and angiogenesis. Defects in functional NHRs and their ligands are associated with the clinical phenotypes of chronic non-healing wounds and skin endocrine disorders. The functional relationship between NHRs and skin niche cells such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts is pivotal for successful wound closure and permanent repair. The aim of this review is to delineate the cutaneous effects and cross-talk of various nuclear receptors upon injury towards functional tissue restoration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney

Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney

Human Skin: An Independent Peripheral Endocrine Organ

The role of nuclear hormone receptors in cutaneous wound repair

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