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Boillot, François; Chabin, Annie; Buré, Corinne; Venet, Michel; Belsky, A.; Bertrand-Urbaniak, M.; Delmas, A.F.; Brack, Andrè; Barbier, Bernard

doi:10.1023/a:1020501226958

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The experiment SEVO used a triple-cube satellite Mattioda et al 2012), whereas the experiment Perseus took place on the Mir station and the experiments PROCESS, AMINO and ORGANIC on Expose-E or Expose-R onboard the ISS (Boillot et al 2002;Bertrand et al 2012;Cottin et al 2012;Noblet et al 2012). Different organic compounds were thus exposed, including amino acids and their derivatives, peptides, nucleic bases, polymers (polyoxymethyl, polyacrylonitrile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH, tholins, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The AMINO experiment: exposure of amino acids in the EXPOSE-R experiment on the International Space Station and in laboratory

Bertrand

Chabin

Colas

et al. 2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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International audienceIn order to confirm the results of previous experiments concerning the chemical behaviour of organic molecules in the space environment, organic molecules (amino acids and a dipeptide) in pure form and embedded in meteorite powder were exposed in the AMINO experiment in the EXPOSE-R facility onboard the International Space Station. After exposure to space conditions for 24 months (2843 h of irradiation), the samples were returned to the Earth and analysed in the laboratory for reactions caused by solar ultraviolet (UV) and other electromagnetic radiation. Laboratory UV exposure was carried out in parallel in the Cologne DLR Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt). The molecules were extracted from the sample holder and then (1) derivatized by silylation and analysed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS) in order to quantify the rate of degradation of the compounds and (2) analysed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in order to understand the chemical reactions that occurred. The GC–MS results confirm that resistance to irradiation is a function of the chemical nature of the exposed molecules and of the wavelengths of the UV light. They also confirm the protective effect of a coating of meteorite powder. The most altered compounds were the dipeptides and aspartic acid while the most robust were compounds with a hydrocarbon chain. The MS analyses document the products of reactions, such as decarboxylation and decarbonylation of aspartic acid, taking place after UV exposure. Given the universality of chemistry in space, our results have a broader implication for the fate of organic molecules that seeded the planets as soon as they became habitable as well as for the effects of UV radiation on exposed molecules at the surface of Mars, for example

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The AMINO experiment: exposure of amino acids in the EXPOSE-R experiment on the International Space Station and in laboratory

Bertrand

Chabin

Colas

et al. 2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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“…Studies during long duration space missions indicated that dipeptides and the tripeptide tri-L-leucine thioethylester have higher stability upon UV-irradiation than amino acids. 19,20 But how photo stable were the early peptides on Earth and is it possible a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: sadia.bari11@gmail.com.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodissociation of protonated leucine-enkephalin in the VUV range of 8–40 eV

Bari

González-Magaña

Reitsma

et al. 2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

116

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Until now, photodissociation studies on free complex protonated peptides were limited to the UV wavelength range accessible by intense lasers. We have studied photodissociation of gas-phase protonated leucine-enkephalin cations for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons energies ranging from 8 to 40 eV. We report time-of-flight mass spectra of the photofragments and various photofragmentyields as a function of photon energy. For sub-ionization energies our results are in line with existing studies on UV photodissociation of leucine-enkephalin. For photon energies exceeding 10 eV we could identify a new dissociation scheme in which photoabsorption leads to a fast loss of the tyrosine side chain. This loss process leads to the formation of a residual peptide that is remarkably cold internally.

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“…The main photochemical degradation process was the decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid function. Significant protection from solar radiation was observed when the thickness of the added minerals was 4 -5 mm or greater [34].…”

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confidence: 95%

From Interstellar Amino Acids to Prebiotic Catalytic Peptides: A Review

Brack

2007

Chemistry & Biodiversity

166

148

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Amino acids were most likely available on the primitive Earth, produced in the primitive atmosphere or in hydrothermal vents. Import of extraterrestrial amino acids may have represented the major supply, as suggested by micrometeorite collections and simulation experiments in space and in the laboratory. Selective condensation of amino acids in water has been achieved via N-carboxy anydrides. Homochiral peptides with an alternating sequence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids adopt stereoselective and thermostable beta-pleated sheet structures. Some of the homochiral beta-sheets strongly accelerate the hydrolysis of oligoribonucleotides. The beta-sheet-forming peptides have also been shown to protect their amino acids from racemization. Even if peptides are not able to self-replicate, i.e., to replicate a complete sequence from the mixture of amino acids, the accumulation of chemically active peptides on the primitive Earth appears plausible via thermostable and stereoselective beta-sheets made of alternating sequences.

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Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

The AMINO experiment: exposure of amino acids in the EXPOSE-R experiment on the International Space Station and in laboratory

The AMINO experiment: exposure of amino acids in the EXPOSE-R experiment on the International Space Station and in laboratory

Photodissociation of protonated leucine-enkephalin in the VUV range of 8–40 eV

From Interstellar Amino Acids to Prebiotic Catalytic Peptides: A Review

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