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Shvab, N. A.; Stefanjak, N.V.; Kazdobin, K. A.; Wragg, A. A.

doi:10.1023/a:1026544808856

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Conducting suspension electrodes have a long history and have been studied in an array of electrochemical technologies 29,30 related to wastewater treatment, 31,32 electrodeposition, 33 electrolysis, 34 electrowinning of metals, 35,36 and as a means for organic chemical synthesis. 37 The utilization of conducting suspension (fluidized-bed) electrodes for charge storage was studied for the first time in 1985, when Kastening et al demonstrated charge transport (and storage) in porous graphite and activated carbon-based suspensions in sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide electrolytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

2015

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Suspension or semi-solid electrodes have recently gained increased attention for large-scale applications such as grid energy storage, capacitive water deionization, and wastewater treatment. A suspension electrode is a multiphase material system comprised of an active (charge storing) material suspended in ionic solution (electrolyte). Gravimetrically, the electrolyte is the majority component and aids in physical transport of the active material. This principle enables, for the first time, scalability of electrochemical energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries) previously limited to small and medium scale applications. This critical review describes the ongoing material challenges encompassing suspension-based systems. The research described here combines classical aspects of electrochemistry, colloidal science, material science, fluid mechanics, and rheology to describe ion and charge percolation, adsorption of ions, and redox charge storage processes in suspension electrodes. This review summarizes the growing inventory of material systems, methods and practices used to characterize suspension electrodes, and describes universal material system properties (rheological, electrical, and electrochemical) that are pivotal in the design of high performing systems. A discussion of the primary challenges and future research directions is included.

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confidence: 99%

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

2015

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“…Similarly, more frequent collisions disrupt the diffusion layer reducing its thickness in fluidized-bed electrochemical cells. 49 The effect of collisions alone can be accurately described by the collision pressure which is known to have a maximum and zeros for both single-particle ( ε ≈ 1) and close-packed reactors ( ε ≈ 0.4). 43,50 After close examination of particle dynamics in fluidized bed simulations, Yao et al 32 suggested that mass transfer is most likely maximized within the intermediate porosity regime at which point collisions and hydrodynamic factors are equally important, leading to optimal biological performance.…”

Section: A Case Study: Staged Anaerobic Fluidized-bed Membrane Biorea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD-accelerated bioreactor optimization: reducing the hydrodynamic parameter space

Yao

Fringer

Criddle

2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Several authors have studied and modeled in detail the charge and mass transfer through such beds. [5][6][7][8][9][10] However, few research groups describe the charge transfer and electrochemical plating mechanism in SHS. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In the present work SHS was used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anomalous Coating of Iron Microparticles by Ni–Co Layers in the 3D Stirred Heterogeneous System: Impedance Study

Gál

Oriňáková

Wiemhöfer

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A high level controlled electrochemical metal plating of the homogeneous, uniform, and adhesive Ni-Co nano-/microlayer on an Fe microparticle powder substrate in the stirred heterogeneous system ͑SHS͒ is reported. The influence of the volume fraction of suspended powder particles on the partial current efficiency of the electrolytic coating process is evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The role of both the solid Fe powder microparticles and the electrochemical deposition of binary coating on the particle surface of the charge-transfer mechanism through SHS is discussed. The equivalent circuit on the porous electrode model is proposed and, adopting this approach, some calculations and simulations of the experimental data are done. The optimal volume fraction of solid particles in the charge transfer of our SHS is suggested. The formation of permanent aggregates of powder microparticles during the electrolysis is proved. Scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are used to characterize the coating on the microparticle surface.Electrochemical techniques are frequently used for the industrial production of metallic coatings of various compositions and properties. The aim is to improve the service life and to widen the application of standard materials as well as the preparation of materials with unusual properties. In the optimal case, every particle of the powder is coated by the plating metal͑s͒, thus ensuring a high homogeneity of the final product. Perfect homogeneity, uniformity, evenness, adhesiveness of the metallic coating of the product, and a high level of control in the overall process are the main advantages of electrochemical metal plating of the powder substrate in both the fluidized bed electrodes ͑FBEs͒ and the stirred heterogeneous system ͑SHS͒. 1,2Solid metalized or metallic particles may be dispersed either by a vertical flow of the electrolyte ͑in FBE͒ 3 or by a mechanical stirring of the electrolyte ͑in SHS͒. 4 The dispersed particles intermittently come into contact with a solid electrode to be charged and thereby coated with a metallic layer. This electrochemical reactor system possesses various advantages, in particular, a significantly larger reaction area and enhanced mass transport.Considerable attention has been paid to the FBE research. Several authors have studied and modeled in detail the charge and mass transfer through such beds. 5-10 However, few research groups describe the charge transfer and electrochemical plating mechanism in SHS. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In the present work SHS was used. In our laboratories, research has been done on the electrochemical deposition of one-component Ni and Cu coatings and binary Ni-based ͑Ni-Cu, Ni-Co͒ coatings on Fe powder materials. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]20 Serious interest is still devoted to the investigation of electrodeposition of iron group metals because of their interesting mechanical and magnetic prope...

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Untitled

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

Materials for suspension (semi-solid) electrodes for energy and water technologies

CFD-accelerated bioreactor optimization: reducing the hydrodynamic parameter space

Anomalous Coating of Iron Microparticles by Ni–Co Layers in the 3D Stirred Heterogeneous System: Impedance Study

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