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A rapid and sensitive fluorometric flow injection assay for subtilisin-type enzymes utilising sol-gel particles directly coated with gelatin–Texas Red substrate

“…17 Hence, the method described above may be a generic one for coating proteins having appropriately charged groups, onto the surface of sol-gels, as it has also been used by us to immobilise bovine serum albumin conjugated with lucifer yellow, or protein A, onto sol-gel particles (results not shown) and for adsorption of lactate dehydrogenase on TEOS-derived sol gel films. 18 The responses of the bioreactor containing particles of sol-gel with encapsulated fluorophore-labelled gelatin to savinase are smaller, resulting in an assay that is around 2 orders of magnitude less sensitive than when the sol-gel particles with labelled surface-coated conjugate are used. This suggests that savinase is excluded from the pores of the sol-gel.…”

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

“…Next, a thin silicon film was formed on the pre-functionalised cells. The working solution was prepared by mixing 1 part of TEOS with 0.1 parts of deionized H 2 O and 0.01 parts of 1mM HCl for 20 min at room temperature, similarly to the approach described elsewhere [40]. The halloysite nanotubes were added to silicic acid derivatives to a final concentration of 2.5 mg·mL −1 .…”

Biosensors Based on Sol–Gel-Derived Materials

“…197 Ferretti et al 202 encapsulated cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase between two sol-gel thin films, which enabled the determination of nitrite in environmental waters with detection limits below the levels established by the European Union and response times of 5 min. Sol-gel encapsulation of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in thin films was employed by Li et al 209 and Ramanathan et al 210 to develop optical biosensors for L-lactate and piruvate, respectively. Urease had also been entrapped in sol-gel films for the development of biosensors for urea detection.…”