Biosensors Based on Sol–Gel-Derived Materials

Progress of research on the surface functionalization of tantalum and porous tantalum in bone tissue engineering

“…The sol-gel method is a wet chemistry-based synthetic technique, which is widely used in various fields of material engineering [73,74]. The typical sol-gel process is mainly composed of two different stages, namely sol and gel.…”

“…Reduced postoperative complications of femoral neck fractures and promoted bone healing [67] Porous tantalum Favors fracture healing, appears well integrated with host bone [68][69][70] to promote condensation reactions, thus forming a rigid and highly interconnected three-dimensional network gel [74][75][76]. In these two stages, the synthesis of materials can be regulated by adjusting the pH of the solution, temperature, and concentration of reactants in the reaction [77].…”

Electrogeneration of non-electroactive and non-conducting materials: a counterintuitive concept for the functionalization and nanostructuration of electrode surfaces

“…Thanks to their synthesis at room temperature and under mild conditions, sol-gel oxides are good hosts for the encapsulation and stabilization of biochemicals such as enzymes, antibodies, living cells and bacteria [248]. Sol-gel bioencapsulation, by keeping the biological activity of the immobilized biorecognition elements [201][202][203], leads to bioceramic materials that are attractive for the development of biosensors [249][250][251]. For bioelectrochemical applications, the bioceramic materials needs to be in contact with a conductive surface, which is usually achieved by dispersing biocomposite particles into conductive matrices or by coating bioceramic films formed by evaporation on electrodes [40,43,252], which is however not appropriate for uniform deposition on surfaces with complex morphologies.…”

Glucose biosensor based on screen-printed electrode modified with silicone sol–gel conducting matrix containing carbon nanotubes

“…Nowadays, researchers are working on new silica gels and glasslike materials featuring higher biocompatibility based on several high-reactive precursors that can be used to create a variety of materials. Sol-gel materials can be effectively used in biosensors thanks to their high biocompatibility, protective properties, high mechanical, heat and biological stability (Kang et al 2008;Tan et al 2011;Yildirim et al 2011). To produce bioactive materials, reactive chemical in a hybrid material must remain intact, maintain high activity, long-term stability and high resistance.…”