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Hunt, Marc; O’Malley, Patrick G.; Taylor, Allen J.

doi:10.1097/00019501-200306000-00007

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…CAC can not be interpreted mechanically; it has the strongest association with age and male gender [42]. Subjects with MS and T2DM have been shown to have more likely higher CAC than the general population [43, 44]. The prognostic value of CAC is shown in the Table 2.…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance Biomarkers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior to cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Rosolová¹,

Nussbaumerová²

2011

EPMA Journal

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Cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases represent the main cause of death in the developed and developing populations. Although major progress has been made in the management of the classical modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, unhealthy lifestyle conduces to an increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity, metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. That is why cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Up-to-date primary preventive strategies according to the European Guidelines, especially the high risk strategy approach, are being implemented. Individual cardiovascular and better cardio-metabolic risk assessment represents the basic approach in the individualized primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardio-metabolic biomarkers, especially high sensitivity C-reactive protein, albuminuria, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and imaging procedures (carotid intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound) could improve the prediction of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes beyond that using traditional risk factors.

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Section: Risk Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance Biomarkers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior to cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Rosolová¹,

Nussbaumerová²

2011

EPMA Journal

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The Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation

Sutherland

McKinley

Eckel

2004

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

196

108

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The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, with insulin resistance as a major feature. This syndrome has been variously defined, but generally consists of 3 or more of the following components: hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, and increased abdominal circumference and/or BMI at >30 kg/m(2). The WHO criteria require the presence of insulin resistance to make the diagnosis. The current review focuses particularly on the association of the MS and the proinflammatory state as well as treatment options to prevent the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Chronic inflammation is frequently associated with the MS. Inflammatory markers that have been associated with MS include hs-CRP, TNF-alpha, fibrinogen, and IL-6, among others. The link between inflammation and the MS is not fully understood. One postulated mechanism is that these cytokines are released into the circulation by adipose tissue, stimulating hepatic CRP production. The prothrombotic molecule PAI-1 is also increased in the MS. Adiponectin, produced exclusively by adipocytes, is decreased in obesity. The association of these proinflammatory and prothrombotic markers with the MS is discussed in detail. The general goals of treatment of the MS are prevention of CHD events and diabetes if not already present. The approach to treatment of those with the MS should include lifestyle changes, including weight loss and exercise as well as appropriate pharmacological therapies. Certain medications, which may be used in persons with MS, have been shown to have beneficial effects on clinical outcome and/or anti-inflammatory effects.

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Role of Atherosclerosis Assessment and Other Novel Markers in the Metabolic Syndrome

Campbell

Nasir

Wong

et al. 2006

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors predisposing to future cardiovascular disease events as well as the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This syndrome is closely linked to both subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. The extent of vascular inflammation can be estimated by a number of biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, that are associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome. Evaluating for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarkers may help to risk stratify patients with the metabolic syndrome.

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Abstract: The 'metabolic score' is a simple clinical measurement that directly and independently relates to the likelihood of premature sub-clinical calcified atherosclerosis in an asymptomatic screening population.

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior to cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Cardio-metabolic risk prediction should be superior to cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

The Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation

Role of Atherosclerosis Assessment and Other Novel Markers in the Metabolic Syndrome

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