Potentiometric equilibrium measurements were made for some metal ions (M(II) = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II),
Zn(II), Cd(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), and Ba(II)) with guanine (A) in a 1:1 (M(II):A) ratio and with cytosine, cytidine,
5-bromocytosine, 5-azacytosine, and 5-fluorocytosine as primary ligands (L) and guanine as secondary
ligand in a 1:1:1 (M(II):L:A) ratio at (25.0, 35.0, and 45.0) °C and I = 0.1 mol·dm-3 NaNO3 in aqueous
solution. The experimental pH-titration data were analyzed by using a BEST computer program in order
to evaluate the formation constants of various intermediate species and their relative distribution. The
experimental conditions were selected in such a way that the self-association of the nucleobases and
their complexes due to stacking interaction was negligibly small, so that only the neutral monomeric
and hydroxo ternary complexes were studied. The enthalpy (Δf
H°) and entropy (Δf
S°) changes for the
formation of binary and ternary complexes were calculated from temperature coefficient data. The δΔf
S°
values are positive for all the metal ligand systems. The negative δΔf
H° values indicate the extra
stabilization of most of the ternary complexes by the exothermic enthalpy change (δΔf
S° = ΔT
S° − ΔB
S°
and δΔf
H° = ΔT
H° − ΔB
S° where ΔT
S°, ΔT
H° and ΔB
S°, ΔB
H° are the entropy and enthalpy values
associated with the ternary and binary complexes, respectively). On the basis of IR data for metal
complexes with the 5FC−G mispair, it has been proposed that the guanine is bonded to metal ions through
N1/C6O and N7, whereas cytosine and its derivatives are bonded through N3 atoms in ternary complexes.