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Modeling the combined effects of temperature and frequency on fatigue crack growth of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)

“…Similar results were reported by the group for HDPE [9]. This paper presents the application of the model based on Arrhenius equation and the activation energy to FCP rates data developed for CPVC pipefitting material.…”

Analysis of ductile and brittle failures from creep rupture testing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes

“…Once the craze fibrils have developed, crack propagation is accomplished through the rupture of the extended craze fibrils. Many investigations indicate that the fracture process in a creep test (like PENT) occurs in a stepwise fashion with the craze-zone formation and crack growth processes proceeding sequentially [11,[35][36][37]. As the crack propagates, the ligament area decreases; this means, the ligament stress increases steadily during the test.…”

A New Test Setup for Testing Polyethylene Tubes Under Constant and Cyclic Internal Pressures

“…Initially, a porous zone (inside the craze) is formed at the point of imperfection which then transforms to a fibrillated zone 36 | PLASTICS ENGINEERING | JANUARY 2018 | www.4spe.org | www.plasticsengineering.org TECHNICAL ARTICLE that holds the crack surfaces together [14]. Eventually, fibrils begin to fail, a new fibrillated zone is formed and crack propagates through the material [15]. This process is shown in Figure 11.…”