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Abstract

Vacuum freeze-drying is not a preferred technique in the pharmaceutical industry because of scalability and high-cost concerns. The ATMFD process enables commercialization of the SFL particle-engineering technology as a micronization method to enhance dissolution of hydrophobic drugs.

Novel Spray Freeze-Drying Technique Using Four-Fluid Nozzle-Development of Organic Solvent System to Expand Its Application to Poorly Water Soluble Drugs

“…These include particle size reduction/ milling, [5][6][7][8] solution-based precipitation, solid dispersion by hot melt extrusion 9) or spray-drying, 10,11) complexation with cyclodextrins 12,13) and so on, as also described extensively in reviews. 14,15) Cryogenic technologies such as freeze drying 16) and spray freezing into liquid (SFL), [17][18][19] in particular, have lately attracted considerable attention for BCS class II compounds. These processes use cryogen, particularly liquid nitrogen, to form a solid dispersion composed of nano-dispersed domains of API within the hydrophilic polymer matrix.…”

Particle Characterization of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs Using a Spray Freeze Drying Technique

“…However, it is not always appropriate for thermolabile compounds because the spray-drying process requires elevated temperatures. Although lyophilization or freeze-drying is a promising technique to produce pharmaceutical powders with improved solubility, the freezing rate is so slow that this technique is often difficult to apply in the pharmaceutical industry.Spray freezing into liquid nitrogen (SFL) is a novel cryogenic atomization technology, developed by Williams et al [7][8][9][10][11] in which either an aqueous or an aqueous-organic cosolvent solution containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutical excipient is atomized directly into cryogenic liquid nitrogen. This method via atomization resulted in production of fine particles with a significant large specific surface area, with high yields, and has also been found to prevent interparticle aggregation.…”

“…Spray freezing into liquid nitrogen (SFL) is a novel cryogenic atomization technology, developed by Williams et al [7][8][9][10][11] in which either an aqueous or an aqueous-organic cosolvent solution containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutical excipient is atomized directly into cryogenic liquid nitrogen. This method via atomization resulted in production of fine particles with a significant large specific surface area, with high yields, and has also been found to prevent interparticle aggregation.…”

Influence of mannitol concentration on the physicochemical, mechanical and pharmaceutical properties of lyophilised mannitol

“…In contrast to jet-milling, particles with precisely engineered physical properties were, for instance, engineered using antisolvent crystallization (Kaialy et al, 2014(Kaialy et al, , 2010, batch cooling crystallization (Kaialy et al, 2012), spray drying (Vehring, 2008), spray-freeze drying (Rogers et al, 2003), etc. Freeze-drying (lyophilisation) is a technical procedure that involves the removal of frozen water by sublimation.…”