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Abstract

Scanning and transmission electron microscopical investigations revealed that Genés organ in unfed and ovipositing females of Dermacentor reticulatus is formed as a double-sac-structure consisting of an outer epithelial and an inner cuticular sac. In ovipositing ticks the latter emerges through the camerostomal aperture to the exterior. Genés organ in unfed ticks consists of a corpus, two posterior horns and a pair of undeveloped glands at each side, which differentiate in ovipositing ticks to compound, branched tubular glands with a main efferent duct for each gland opening into the lumen between the epithelial and the cuticular sac. Genés organ of egg-laying females corresponds basically in morphology and structural organization to that of unfed ticks. Compared with unfed ticks, however, in ovipositing ticks the corpus and horns are longer and broader, the glands are fully developed and the cuticular sac is evertable. The epithelial sac as the outermost part of Genés organ is continuous with the hypodermis of the basis capituli and the scutum, arises at the camerostomal aperture, forms the corpus and the two blind-ending horns, passes into the epithelium of the main excretory ducts of the glands and envelops the cuticular sac. The cuticular sac passes into the cuticle of the basis capituli and the scutum, arises at the camerostomal aperture, is folded, expands into the horn tips and consists inwards of a smooth epicuticula and outwards of a fibrous endocuticula. Muscles originating from the scutum pass caudomedially through the epithelial sac and are inserted into the cuticular sac. The entire surface of the maximally everted cuticular sac is covered with an amorphous mass. In cleaned samples, ledge-like structures appear on the lateral surface. These ledges turn into balloon-like structures which extend over the medial and dorsal surface. The entire surface including the balloon-like structures and the ledges are provided with numerous cribrate pits.

Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise

“…males. Fully-fed fertilised females drop to the ground and lay 3,000–7,200 eggs while covering them with the secretion of the Gené’s organ, protecting the eggs from drying out [ 1 , 41 ]. Oviposition lasts for 6–25 days and the new generation of larvae will hatch from the egg batch after 12–19 days [ 22 ].…”

Cas9-mediated gene editing in the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, by embryo injection and ReMOT Control

“…At this temperature, females start laying eggs in approximately 4–5 days and keep depositing for 21–28 days. Once females start laying eggs (first day of egg-laying), the Gene’s organ (the wax gland) was either dissected using fine Tungsten needles or emptied of wax so that little or no wax was deposited on the eggs ( Schöl et al., 2001 ) ( Figure S2 A). In the latter condition, the Gene’s organ was emptied of wax every 3–4 days to ensure un/partially waxed eggs.…”

Morphometric analysis – effect of the radiofrequency interface of electromagnetic field on the size of hatched Dermacentor reticulatus larvae

“…One fully engorged fertilized adult female can lay 3,000-7,000 eggs [16]. D. reticulatus female ticks provide the eggs with a secretion that prevents excessive water loss which causes the eggs to adhere in a cluster and probably protects them from fungal attack [17]. Only a few studies have shown the effect of RF-EMF on ticks.…”