Abstract:Aims: The aim of the study deals with the design, development, and comparative stability studies of optimized formulations as well as potential formula and process optimization trials of novel orlistat liposomal dispersion. All the experimental studies were evaluated for stability study profiles with respect to physical and chemical key parameters such as physical appearance, pH, density, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The stability study was c… Show more
“…PRNL spectrum illustrated PR entrapment in the synthesis NLPs. Generally, NLPs’ shelf-life stability is determined via evaluating the pivotal variables primarily; physical attendance, ζP, D h , PDI as well average drug retention (%), which evaluate their chemical and physical stabilities 19 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To assure the efficacy and safety of drug products, stability evaluation has become crucial in the pharmaceutical field. To accomplish such necessary appraisal, the freshly prepared PRNL suspensions were filled into glass bottles with air-tight closures and the stability screening was fulfilled at long-term storage environments (4 ± 1 °C) as well as accelerated storage environments (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH) for 3 months 19 . The NLPs were estimated, initially (freshly synthesized NLPs at construction day as earlier depicted) and at itemized time intervals (1 and 3 months), as regards prudent forefingers for their kinetic stability specifically; physical appearance, ζP, D h , and PDI.…”
Buffalo sperm is sensitive to cryoinjuries, thus improving sperm cryoresistance is a critical approach for wide spreading the assisted reproductive technologies in buffalo. The intention of this work was to assess the effect of propolis-loaded in nanoliposomes (PRNL) supplementation of semen extender on semen quality, antioxidant status and some apoptotic genes of cryopreserved buffalo semen. PRNL were prepared using cholesterol (Chol) as well as soybean lecithin and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Egyptian buffalo bulls (4–6 years) were involved, and the semen samples were collected using the artificial vagina method. Buffalo semen was pooled (n = 25 ejaculates) and cryopreserved in tris extender containing PRNL at 0 (PRNL0), 2 (PRNL2), 4 (PRNL4) and 6 µg/mL (PRNL6), respectively. The PRNL had a size of 113.13 nm and a negative zeta potential (− 56.83 mV). Sperm progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, abnormalities, chromatin damage, redox status, apoptosis status, and apoptotic genes were investigated after post-thawed buffalo semen. Using 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL significantly increased sperm progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity, while sperm abnormalities and the percentage of chromatin damages were the lowest in PRNL2 group. Moreover, the PRNL2 group exhibited the best results for all antioxidative activities (TAC, SOD, GPx and CAT) with significantly higher levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lower in the PRLN2 compared with other groups. The sperm caspase 3 enzyme activities showed the lowest values in PRNL2 groups followed by PRNL4 and PRNL6 groups with significant differences compared with the control. Adding 2 µg/mL PRNL to freezing media significantly reduced apoptotic genes such as Bax and Caspase 3 in sperm, while significantly increase in Bcl2 expression compared with the control (P < 0.001). The expression of Bcl2, Caspase 3 and Bax genes in sperm were not affected by the 6 µg/mL PRNL addition (P > 0.05). The electron micrography descriptions exemplified that the fortification of 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL maintained the acrosomal and plasma membrane integrities as well as sustained the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa when compared with control group, whereas the 6 µg/mL of PRNL demonstrated highest injury to the acrosome and plasma membranes. Results show supplementation of the buffalo freezing extender with 2 or 4 µg/mL of PRNL enhanced post-thawed sperm quality via boosting the antioxidant indices, diminishing the oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as maintained the ultrastructure integrity of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm.
“…PRNL spectrum illustrated PR entrapment in the synthesis NLPs. Generally, NLPs’ shelf-life stability is determined via evaluating the pivotal variables primarily; physical attendance, ζP, D h , PDI as well average drug retention (%), which evaluate their chemical and physical stabilities 19 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To assure the efficacy and safety of drug products, stability evaluation has become crucial in the pharmaceutical field. To accomplish such necessary appraisal, the freshly prepared PRNL suspensions were filled into glass bottles with air-tight closures and the stability screening was fulfilled at long-term storage environments (4 ± 1 °C) as well as accelerated storage environments (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH) for 3 months 19 . The NLPs were estimated, initially (freshly synthesized NLPs at construction day as earlier depicted) and at itemized time intervals (1 and 3 months), as regards prudent forefingers for their kinetic stability specifically; physical appearance, ζP, D h , and PDI.…”
Buffalo sperm is sensitive to cryoinjuries, thus improving sperm cryoresistance is a critical approach for wide spreading the assisted reproductive technologies in buffalo. The intention of this work was to assess the effect of propolis-loaded in nanoliposomes (PRNL) supplementation of semen extender on semen quality, antioxidant status and some apoptotic genes of cryopreserved buffalo semen. PRNL were prepared using cholesterol (Chol) as well as soybean lecithin and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Egyptian buffalo bulls (4–6 years) were involved, and the semen samples were collected using the artificial vagina method. Buffalo semen was pooled (n = 25 ejaculates) and cryopreserved in tris extender containing PRNL at 0 (PRNL0), 2 (PRNL2), 4 (PRNL4) and 6 µg/mL (PRNL6), respectively. The PRNL had a size of 113.13 nm and a negative zeta potential (− 56.83 mV). Sperm progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, abnormalities, chromatin damage, redox status, apoptosis status, and apoptotic genes were investigated after post-thawed buffalo semen. Using 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL significantly increased sperm progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity, while sperm abnormalities and the percentage of chromatin damages were the lowest in PRNL2 group. Moreover, the PRNL2 group exhibited the best results for all antioxidative activities (TAC, SOD, GPx and CAT) with significantly higher levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lower in the PRLN2 compared with other groups. The sperm caspase 3 enzyme activities showed the lowest values in PRNL2 groups followed by PRNL4 and PRNL6 groups with significant differences compared with the control. Adding 2 µg/mL PRNL to freezing media significantly reduced apoptotic genes such as Bax and Caspase 3 in sperm, while significantly increase in Bcl2 expression compared with the control (P < 0.001). The expression of Bcl2, Caspase 3 and Bax genes in sperm were not affected by the 6 µg/mL PRNL addition (P > 0.05). The electron micrography descriptions exemplified that the fortification of 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL maintained the acrosomal and plasma membrane integrities as well as sustained the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa when compared with control group, whereas the 6 µg/mL of PRNL demonstrated highest injury to the acrosome and plasma membranes. Results show supplementation of the buffalo freezing extender with 2 or 4 µg/mL of PRNL enhanced post-thawed sperm quality via boosting the antioxidant indices, diminishing the oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as maintained the ultrastructure integrity of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm.
“…The DSC thermograms of ENL (empty nanoliposomes formulated by 0.5% lecithin at 30°C), free algal extract, and LNL (loaded nanoliposomes manufactured by 0.5% lecithin and 1,313 ppm phenolic compounds at 30°C) increased for both empty and loaded nanoliposomes. This small increase in the particle size during storage can be explained considering the possibility of chemical hydrolysis of lipid bilayers and limited aggregation of the vesicles (Nitesh & Ranjan, 2018;Praveen et al, 2019).…”
Section: Physical Stabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…crease in the particle size during storage can be explained considering the possibility of chemical hydrolysis of lipid bilayers and limited aggregation of the vesicles(Nitesh & Ranjan, 2018;Praveen et al, 2019).…”
In this paper, the fabrication of algal extract-loaded nanoliposomes was optimized based on the central composite response surface design. Different concentrations of phenolic compounds (500, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm) of algal extract and lecithin (0.5, 1.25, and 2% w/w) were applied for preparation of nanoliposomes at process temperatures of 30, 50, and 70°C. Dependent variables were zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, size, and particle size distribution. The particle size of the loaded nanoliposomes ranged from 86.6 to 118.7 nm and zeta potential from −37.3 to −50.7 mV.The optimal conditions were as follows: 0.5% lecithin, 30°C process temperature, and 1,313 ppm of the phenolic compounds extracted from algae. Under these conditions, the experimental entrapment efficiency of the phenolic compounds was 45.5 ± 1.2%. FTIR analysis has verified the encapsulation of algal extract in nanoliposomes. Algal extract phenolic compounds also increased phase transition temperature (Tc) of nanoliposomes (1.6°C to 6.3°C). Moreover, the thermo-oxidative protection of nanoliposomes for the algal extract has been proved by examining the DSC thermograms.It has been demonstrated that the formulated nanoliposomes have a good stability during storage conditions, and they are able to control the release of phenolic compounds at different pH values. During the encapsulation process, the antioxidant activity of the algal extract has been maintained to an acceptable level. Consequently, algal extract-loaded nanoliposomes can be used as a natural antioxidant in lipidbased foods.
K E Y W O R D Salgal extract, antioxidant, encapsulation, nanoliposome, polyphenols 300 |
“…In fact, in this case a progressive increase of dimensions, from 101 nm to 159 nm, and an increment of PDI value was observed at 28 days as well. The increase of nanoparticles size could be due to vesicle aggregation phenomena [56] , [57] . Fig.…”
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