Untitled

Abstract

Problem Statement: School physical education has been identified as an important time for increasing children's physical activity. Unfortunately, children are not as active and recommended. Pedometers and goal setting may be one way to increase physical activity. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pedometer-based goal-setting and encouragement intervention on physical activity in physical education. Participants totaled 200 (n = 94 control, n = 106 intervention) 3rd and 4th graders, aged 8 to 10 years old in Southwest United States. The New Lifestyles NL-1000 physical activity monitor was utilized to measure step counts. Participating classes were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). The intervention group was given a step goal accompanied by encouragement feedback strategies including signs and verbal encouragement at regular intervals throughout the lesson. The control group was given the same lesson with no step goal or feedback. The goal was to reach 2,000 steps each lesson. An independent-samples t test was utilized to examine differences between groups. The intervention group showed a statistically significant difference in step counts compared to the control group, t (194) =-6.40, p<.001. The goal setting and pedometer group averaged 2046±406 steps while the control group averaged 1695±356. There were no differences between grades (p=.23). Findings indicated that setting goals and providing feedback for daily step counts in physical education have the ability to increase daily physical activity. Pedometers have the opportunity to motivate and encourage and are a relatively inexpensive tool that can be used in physical education.

Factores Asociados con la Cantidad de Actividad Física que Realizan los Estudiantes de Primaria en la Clase de Educación Física: Una Revisión de Alcance

“…According to the year of publication of the articles, it was found that it is the most recent literature that reports factors associated with the amount of physical activity in the physical education class. 2018 and 2020 were the years with the most articles included (21.4% each year) (Chase et al, 2018), (Tanaka et al, 2018), (Silva et al, 2018), (Jaitner et al, 2020), (Klaričić et al, 2020), (Howells et al, 2020).Following the years 2012, 2021 and 2023 (14.3% each year) (Moreno Z. et al, 2012), (Skala et al, 2012), (Wong et al, 2021), (Huertas-Delgado et al, 2021), (Llanos-Muñoz et al, 2023), (de Bruijn et al, 2023. And finally, the years 2016 and 2019 (7.1% each year), (Powell et al, 2016), (Gråstén et al, 2019).…”

“…Regarding the types of studies, most of the articles were quantitative. 71.4% of the articles reported a quantitative study type (Jaitner et al, 2020), (Klaričić et al, 2020), (Chase et al, 2018), (Wong et al, 2021), (Tanaka et al, 2018), (de Bruijn et al, 2023, (Huertas-Delgado et al, 2021), (Silva et al, 2018), (Gråstén et al, 2019), (Howells et al, 2020) tags. 21.4% were mixed studies (Powell et al, 2016), (Moreno Z. et al, 2012), (Skala et al, 2012).…”

“…50% of the included articles used a descriptive cross-sectional design (Moreno Z. et al, 2012), (Skala et al, 2012), (Tanaka et al, 2018), (Gråstén et al, 2019), (Jaitner et al, 2020), (Klaričić et al, 2020), (Silva et al, 2018), . However, 28.6% used a quasiexperimental design with a control group and an intervention group (Huertas-Delgado et al, 2021), (Powell et al, 2016), (de Bruijn et al, 2023, (Chase et al, 2018). This was followed by 14.3% that were systematic reviews (Llanos-Muñoz et al, 2023), (Wong et al, 2021).…”

“…50% of the included articles report factors associated with students. Of these, 35.7% reported sex as a factor associated with the amount of physical activity during physical education class; females were reported as the least physically active during physical education classes (Moreno Z. et al, 2012), (Jaitner et al, 2020), (Klaričić et al, 2020), (Chase et al, 2018), (Howells et al, 2020).…”

Physical Activity During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the State Civil Apparatus of Gresik Regency

“…Sport is a systematic process in the form of all activities or efforts that can encourage, develop, and build the physical and spiritual potentials of a person as an individual or member of society in the form of games, competitions, and intensive physical activities to obtain recreation, development, and achievement [4] According to Chen, P et al (2020), one of the policy efforts in fighting pandemics is to increase endurance. "Stay at home" during the current period of lockdown or large-scale social restrictions should not stop society from doing physical activity and instead instill new creative ways of exercising and a more vital recognition of the importance of exercise [5] The general goals and objectives of the training include: improving general and comprehensive essential physical qualities, developing and enhancing specific physical potential, adding and refining techniques, developing and perfecting strategies, tactics, and playing patterns, and improving the quality of athletes' mental abilities [6] Some physical activity movements or exercises that can be done at home and their benefits, can be seen in table 1. According to Ganong (2001), the human body can fight all sorts of organisms or toxins that damage the body's tissues and organs.…”