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Maniania, N. K.; Ekesi, Sunday; Löhr, B.; Mwangi, F

doi:10.1023/a:1021177626246

Cited by 48 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Advantages of the application of endophytes over conventional foliar application of fungal entomopathogens [7] [21] are the ability to colonize plants systemically, thereby offering continuous protection and enhanced persistence [22]. Moreover, considerably low inoculum is required when applied as seed treatment [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

et al. 2014

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Endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant–herbivore interactions. Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion, Allium cepa L., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. However, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. We tested the colonization of onion plants by selected fungal endophyte isolates using two inoculation methods. The effects of inoculated endophytes on T. tabaci infesting onion were also examined. Seven fungal endophytes used in our study were able to colonize onion plants either by the seed or seedling inoculation methods. Seed inoculation resulted in 1.47 times higher mean percentage post-inoculation recovery of all the endophytes tested as compared to seedling inoculation. Fewer thrips were observed on plants inoculated with Clonostachys rosea ICIPE 707, Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4, Trichoderma atroviride ICIPE 710, Trichoderma harzianum 709, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Fusarium sp. ICIPE 712 isolates as compared to those inoculated with Fusarium sp. ICIPE 717 and the control treatments. Onion plants colonized by C. rosea ICIPE 707, T. asperellum M2RT4, T. atroviride ICIPE 710 and H. lixii F3ST1 had significantly lower feeding punctures as compared to the other treatments. Among the isolates tested, the lowest numbers of eggs were laid by T. tabaci on H. lixii F3ST1 and C. rosea ICIPE 707 inoculated plants. These results extend the knowledge on colonization of onions by fungal endophytes and their effects on Thrips tabaci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

et al. 2014

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“…As a result, methods of controlling insect populations using live fungal insecticides have attracted medical and agronomical interest (1,2). The ascomycete Metarhizium anisopliae is already in commercial use to control termites, grasshoppers, and thrips (2)(3)(4). In some fungi, success in infecting a wide variety of insects can, at least in part, be attributed to secretion of virulence factors during pathogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fungal Peptide Destruxin A Plays a Specific Role in Suppressing the Innate Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster

Pal

Leger

2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

182

119

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Destruxins are a class of insecticidal, anti-viral, and phytotoxic cyclic depsipeptides that are also studied for their toxicity to cancer cells. They are produced by various fungi, and a direct relationship has been established between Destruxin production and the virulence of the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae. Aside from opening calcium channels, their in vivo mode of action during pathogenesis remains largely uncharacterized. To better understand the effects of a Destruxin, we looked at changes in gene expression following injection of Destruxin A into the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Microarray results revealed reduced expression of various antimicrobial peptides that play a major role in the humoral immune response of the fly. Flies co-injected with a non-lethal dose of Destruxin A and the normally innocuous Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, showed increased mortality and an accompanying increase in bacterial titers. Mortality due to sepsis was rescued through ectopic activation of components in the IMD pathway, one of two signal transduction pathways that are responsible for antimicrobial peptide induction. These results demonstrate a novel role for Destruxin A in specific suppression of the humoral immune response in insects.

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“…In the context of integrated pest management (IPM), cultural, biological, and chemical control have to be judiciously used to provide targeted and efficient pest management solutions that can be tailored to specific climates and habitats [ 8 ]. Biological control could be a major component of IPM programs of WFT [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Western Flower Thrips Management on French Beans by Combined Use of Beneficials and Imidacloprid

Nyasani

Subramanian

Poehling

et al. 2015

Insects

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Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an important pest of vegetable crops worldwide and has developed resistance to many insecticides. The predatory mites Neoseiulus (=Amblyseius) cucumeris (Oudemans), the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.), and an insecticide (imidacloprid) were tested for their efficacy to reduce WFT population density and damage to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods under field conditions in two planting periods. Metarhizium anisopliae was applied as a foliar spray weekly at a rate of one litre spray volume per plot while imidacloprid was applied as a soil drench every two weeks at a rate of two litres of a mixture of water and imidacloprid per m2. Neoseiulus cucumeris was released every two weeks on plant foliage at a rate of three mites per plant. Single and combined treatment applications reduced WFT population density by at least three times and WFT damage to French bean pods by at least 1.7 times compared with untreated plots. The benefit-cost ratios in management of WFT were profitable with highest returns realized on imidacloprid treated plots. The results indicate that M. anisopliae, N. cucumeris, and imidacloprid have the potential for use in developing an integrated pest management program against WFT on French beans.

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Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

Fungal Peptide Destruxin A Plays a Specific Role in Suppressing the Innate Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster

Optimizing Western Flower Thrips Management on French Beans by Combined Use of Beneficials and Imidacloprid

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