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Domburg, P.; Edwards, Anthony C.; Sinclair, A. H.; Wright, G. M.; Ferrier, Robert C.

doi:10.1023/a:1009787618943

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…General sources: government reports and yearbooks from ERSA (2015) back to (DAS 1949; Fertiliser Practice 2016) and all annual reports back to 1940s; Pesticide Use Surveys (e.g., Monie, Reay, and Wardlaw 2014) back to 1974; more specific sources are given in the text and Table 2. Fertiliser Practice 2016, and previous as above; Domburg et al 1998 Pesticide (number of formulations applied per unit field area): mean load over a cropping sequence About 1 application per unit crop area per year 2 rising to 10 in high input cropping (5 in medium input) Medium input cereal 4-6, high input cereal 10-12, potato crop 20-25 2000; Squire et al 2003;Hawes et al 2005). Seedbank records began in the UK before phase I and continued, though unsystematically, through to phase III.…”

Section: Soil and In-field Life Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population is as detailed in the decadal national census. Systematic records of fertilizer applications are available as total usage from the 1960s and various "unit area" measures from the 1970s (Fertiliser Practice 2016 and all previous annual reports in this series), augmented by some regional estimates (Domburg et al 1998), and earlier records (Church and Lewis 1977). Pesticides have been recorded since 1974 for arable crops, less frequently for grass (Monie, Reay, and Wardlaw 2014, and all previous reports in the series "Pesticide Usage in Scotland").…”

Section: Agricultural Inputs and Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining sustainable limits during and after intensification in a maritime agricultural ecosystem

Squire

2017

Ecosyst Health Sustain

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Introduction: Intensification of agricultural ecosystems in the 20th century proceeded by a series of innovations that initially ensured food security, but had negative consequences for the in-field and wider environments. A case study in the north Atlantic zone maritime cropland of the UK identified three phases: (1) reorganization between 1940 and 1960, (2) intensification leading to tripling of grain output (1960-1990), and (3) a leveling of output (1990-2015). Outcomes: Innovations that caused the changes together with their effect on life forms, ecological processes and the evolving social, economic and biophysical conditions are identified. Attempts to design future sustainable systems are hampered by the absence of a baseline before intensification, by inadequate knowledge of in-field processes, and by uncertainty over "safe ranges" in which processes can operate without causing long-term system decline. Safe ranges are examined for three attributes recorded over all three phases, namely grain output, fertilizer input and the wild seedbank flora. The lower limits for grain and nitrogen were quantified as those that ensure grain security. Tentative upper limits were identified as those that were economically acceptable to farming in the face of major external perturbations related to food policy and environmental protection. Within these upper limits, fields can maintain a generalist wild species seedbank that supports a farmland food web. Conclusion: Some properties of the ecosystem therefore attained stability in phase 3. However, evidence of degrading soil, increasing pesticide use to maintain yield and collapse of specialist plant functions such as nitrogen fixation and pollination, suggest the system is moving toward a phase of decline.

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Section: Soil and In-field Life Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agricultural Inputs and Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining sustainable limits during and after intensification in a maritime agricultural ecosystem

Squire

2017

Ecosyst Health Sustain

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“…In the UK, the debate about the environmental impact of agriculture emerged as evidence of the effects of intensive post-war agricultural practices on water quality accumulated through the 1970s and the mid-1980s (Domburg et al, 1998). This is perhaps unsurprising since during this period the use of inorganic nitrogen grew 135% in the UK.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Dairyingmentioning

confidence: 99%