A 0.25 mm²-Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor With an Inaccuracy of 0.12 °C (3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>) From −55 °C to 125 °C

Abstract

This paper describes a compact, energy efficient, resistor-based temperature sensor that can operate over a wide temperature range (−55 °C to 125 °C). The sensor is based on a Wheatstone bridge (WhB) made from silicided poly-silicon and non-silicided poly-silicon resistors. To achieve both area and energy efficiency, the current output of the WhB is digitized by a continuous-time zoom-ADC. Implemented in a standard 180nm CMOS technology, the sensor consumes 52 μA from a 1.8 V supply and achieves a resolution of 280 μK rms in a 5ms conversion time. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art resolution figure-ofmerit of 40 fJ•K 2. After a first-order fit, the sensor achieves an inaccuracy of ±0.12 °C (3σ) from −55 °C to 125 °C.

Selective Noise Based Power-Efficient and Effective Countermeasure against Thermal Covert Channel Attacks in Multi-Core Systems

“…The attackers (being the TCC transceiver) are able to read or reach the local thermal sensor data by calling the software interfaces such as MSR or Intel's processor Model Specific Register, with a normal resolution of 1 • C [42]. The accuracy of some of the latest digital thermal sensors can be up to 0.1 • C [43]. The defender is able to read the temperatures of all cores and distribute the detection and blocking programmes to each core [13].…”

A 96 dB DR Second-Order CIFF Delta-Sigma Modulator with Rail-to-Rail Input Voltage Range

“…Recently, various sensors have been used in biomedical applications and internet-ofthings (IoT) devices [1][2][3]. Among the various signals in the natural world, sensor devices that acquire signals such as temperature, pressure, and geometers require the acquisition of low-frequency signals, including DC signals [4][5][6]. As the characteristics of these sensor devices continue to be advanced, their analog output signals have high dynamic characteristics.…”

“…SAR ADCs using noise shaping (NS) have been proposed as an alternative to the resolution enhancement limitations of SAR ADCs [9,10], but there are still structural difficulties in implementing resolutions above 14-16 bits. Delta-sigma ADCs typically use analog integrators with op amps, which have the disadvantage of relatively increased power consumption and area, but they have been widely used in high-performance sensor interfaces because they have a suitable structure to achieve high resolution [1][2][3][4][5][6]11,12]. In particular, noise shaping by delta-sigma modulation (DSM) and oversampling schemes enable the implementation of high resolution.…”

A sigma-delta modulator with residual offset suppression

“…The sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have been used in many applications, such as audio systems, smart temperature sensors and readout integrated circuits (ROIC) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Such applications often process low level signals with low frequencies, which are easily affected by DC offset and 1/f noise when converting to digital domain.…”