A 1 μm-Pitch Quanta Image Sensor Jot Device With Shared Readout

Ma, Jiaju; Anzagira, Leo; Fossum, Eric R.

doi:10.1109/jeds.2016.2516026

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When a designer purchases a CMOS image sensor, he gets a complete system including image array registers, memory, timing pulse generator and converter. Compared with the traditional CCD image system, integrating the entire image system on a chip not only reduces power consumption, but also has the advantages of light weight, less space, and lower overall price [9]. The main advantage of CMOS for CCD is that it is very power-saving.…”

Section: A Cmos Image Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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CMOS image sensor is a rapidly developing image sensor product in the past decade. Relying on the advantages of process compatibility with standard CMOS process, CMOS image sensor integrates analog photoelectric photosensitive circuit and digital signal processing circuit to become a small and powerful system on chip. This article mainly studies the explosive growth of image sensors in smart government technology and economic scale. The main purpose of this article is to study the technical application of image sensors, reduce the administrative cost of social governance, improve the level of government governance, benefit the public, and realize the requirements of smart government affairs and rapid economic development of the city. This study tested the static performance of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit by inputting a limited number of sampling points, and its integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity were both less than 1LSB. The bandgap reference circuit provides a reference level for the entire system. It uses two PNP-type bipolar transistors parasitic in the CMOS process to achieve a temperature and voltage-independent bandgap reference voltage through the feedback of the operational amplifier. It is ideal for use In the case of resistance simulation, its accuracy reaches 16.6ppm. The scanning method of the pixel array uses multi-sampling technology to increase the dynamic range of the sensor by N 2 times. The correlated sub-sampling technology eliminates the fixed pattern noise between pixel units. The use of pipelined analog-to-digital converters can achieve good resolution, speed and area compromise.Through the realization and simulation of transistor-level circuits, the performance of each part of the system meets the requirements of design and application.

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Section: A Cmos Image Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…2(b), the specialized doping profile consists of a n-type storage well (SW), a p-well region, a potential barrier (PB) region, and a virtual barrier (VB) region. The PG jot and the tapered reset PG jot (TPG) were prototyped in a 32 × 32 array, and sub-0.3e − rms read noise was achieved with a 4 × improvement in CG over the typical CIS pixels [21][22][23].…”

Section: Methods For Read Noise Reduction Without Using Avalanche Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon-number-resolving megapixel image sensor at room temperature without avalanche gain

Masoodian

Starkey

et al. 2017

Optica

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119

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In several emerging fields of study such as encryption in optical communications, determination of the number of photons in an optical pulse is of great importance. Typically, such photon-number-resolving sensors require operation at very low temperature (e.g., 4 K for superconducting-based detectors) and are limited to low pixel count (e.g., hundreds). In this paper, a CMOS-based photon-counting image sensor is presented with photon-number-resolving capability that operates at room temperature with resolution of 1 megapixel. Termed a quanta image sensor, the device is implemented in a commercial stacked (3D) backside-illuminated CMOS image sensor process. Without the use of avalanche multiplication, the 1.1 μm pixel-pitch device achieves 0.21e− rms average read noise with average dark count rate per pixel less than 0.2e− ∕s, and 1040 fps readout rate. This novel platform technology fits the needs of high-speed, high-resolution, and accurate photon-counting imaging for scientific, space, security, and low-light imaging as well as a broader range of other applications.

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“…Shared readout PG jots have an average read noise of 0.48 e− r.m.s., or 110 μV r.m.s. voltage noise [ 20 ]. The PCHs of these jots are also shown in Figure 12 b,c.…”

Section: Jot Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For SDL jots, one can consider microlenses and color filters that cover multiple jots (e.g., 2 × 2) since diffraction will likely result in optical resolution lower than the jot pitch [ 1 , 64 ]. Color crosstalk was analyzed in [ 20 ] for example, and a new color filter array pattern to ameliorate the impact of color crosstalk was proposed and analyzed in [ 12 ]. Polarization filter gratings can also be applied to jots, or groups of jots to select particular polarization of photons [ 24 ].…”

Section: Jot Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research began anew at Dartmouth in 2011 and was supported from 2012 to the present by Rambus Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Since 2011, progress has been made in pixels, readout circuits, and image formation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In this paper, the QIS concept and progress to date is reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Quanta Image Sensor: Every Photon Counts

Fossum

Masoodian

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) was conceived when contemplating shrinking pixel sizes and storage capacities, and the steady increase in digital processing power. In the single-bit QIS, the output of each field is a binary bit plane, where each bit represents the presence or absence of at least one photoelectron in a photodetector. A series of bit planes is generated through high-speed readout, and a kernel or “cubicle” of bits (x, y, t) is used to create a single output image pixel. The size of the cubicle can be adjusted post-acquisition to optimize image quality. The specialized sub-diffraction-limit photodetectors in the QIS are referred to as “jots” and a QIS may have a gigajot or more, read out at 1000 fps, for a data rate exceeding 1 Tb/s. Basically, we are trying to count photons as they arrive at the sensor. This paper reviews the QIS concept and its imaging characteristics. Recent progress towards realizing the QIS for commercial and scientific purposes is discussed. This includes implementation of a pump-gate jot device in a 65 nm CIS BSI process yielding read noise as low as 0.22 e− r.m.s. and conversion gain as high as 420 µV/e−, power efficient readout electronics, currently as low as 0.4 pJ/b in the same process, creating high dynamic range images from jot data, and understanding the imaging characteristics of single-bit and multi-bit QIS devices. The QIS represents a possible major paradigm shift in image capture.

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A 1 μm-Pitch Quanta Image Sensor Jot Device With Shared Readout

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Retracted: Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Retracted: Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Photon-number-resolving megapixel image sensor at room temperature without avalanche gain

The Quanta Image Sensor: Every Photon Counts

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