A 10 mV-500 mV Input Range, 91.4% Peak Efficiency Adaptive Multi-Mode Boost Converter for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Liu, Shubin; Xing, Yihe; Huang, Wenbin; Liao, Xufeng; Li, Yongyuan

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3121693

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An additional secondary winding of opposite polarity enables bipolar operation. The converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) [20], with a fixed but programmable switching frequency.…”

Section: Dc-dc Converter Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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A ±0.5-mV-Minimum-Input DC-DC Converter With Stepwise Adiabatic Gate-Drive and Efficient Timing Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Carlson

Smith

2023

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a step-up DC-DC converter that uses a stepwise gate-drive technique to reduce the power FET gate-drive energy by 82%, allowing positive efficiency down to an input voltage of ±0.5 mV-the lowest input voltage ever achieved for a DC-DC converter as far as we know. Below ±0.5 mV the converter automatically hibernates, reducing quiescent power consumption to just 255 pW. The converter has an efficiency of 63% at ±1 mV and 84% at ±6 mV. The input impedance is programmable from 1 Ω to 600 Ω to achieve maximum power extraction. A novel delay line circuit controls the stepwise gatedrive timing, programmable input impedance, and hibernation behavior. Bipolar input voltage is supported by using a flyback converter topology with two secondary windings. A generated power good signal enables the load when the output voltage has charged above 2.7 V and disables when the output voltage has discharged below 2.5 V. The DC-DC converter was used in a thermoelectric energy harvesting system that effectively harvests energy from small indoor temperature fluctuations of less than 1°C. Also, an analytical model with unprecedented accuracy of the stepwise gate-drive energy is presented.Index terms-Energy harvesting, DC-DC converter, bipolar, flyback converter, low-voltage, low-power, adiabatic gate-drive, stepwise gate-drive, charge recycling, thermoelectric generator.

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Section: Dc-dc Converter Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This in turn reduces the energy required to charge the drain node capacitance per (20) and the transitions losses per ( 21), ( 22), (23). To illustrate the transition losses, Fig.…”

Section: A Efficiency Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ±0.5-mV-Minimum-Input DC-DC Converter With Stepwise Adiabatic Gate-Drive and Efficient Timing Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Carlson

Smith

2023

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…Liu et al 17 Arabyarmohammadi N and Ebrahimi 16 Radin et al 19 Lim et al 9 Mu and Liu proper operating modes, efficiency will be improved simultaneously at high and low voltages, and the input voltage range also increases. Table 2 gives the performance comparison of the proposed converter with previous.…”

Section: Work This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to achieve high peak efficiency with a low minimum input voltage simultaneously in DCM. 12 Different approaches have been proposed in previous studies 2,8,9,[13][14][15][16][17] to overcome this challenge.…”

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confidence: 99%

A wide input range, 94% peak efficiency auto‐select multi‐mode boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting

Hajiakbari,

Ashraf

2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryIn this paper, a high‐efficiency DC–DC boost converter is proposed for thermal energy harvesting systems. The converter's efficiency is improved using a low‐power digital operating mode detector circuit. The operating mode detector circuit changes the converter's operating mode between the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) at a specific input voltage (boundary input voltage), which reduces the total losses, thus improves the efficiency and increases the input voltage range. Besides, the proper boundary input voltage is calculated as a function of the boost converter's parameters. Finally, the proposed converter is designed in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the peak efficiency of the converter can be up to 94%, 60.4%, and 35% at 300, 20, and 15 mV of the open‐circuit voltage, respectively.

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“…Energy harvesting circuits attract much interest in many autonomous applications, including portable IoT nodes and wireless sensor networks [1], [2]. Nowadays, electronic devices performing complicated tasks consume tiny amounts of energy and their undisrupted operation can be supported by harnessing ambient energy from low power sources, such as ambient radiofrequencies (RF) [3], [4], heat [5], indoor/outdoor light [6], [7], the soil [8], [9], as well as triboelectric or piezoelectric materials [10]- [13]. Usually, the The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Agustin Leobardo Herrera-May .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Range Light Harvesting Module for Autonomous Sensor Nodes

et al. 2022

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A large number of autonomous devices is nowadays supported by renewable and green energy sources. A vital sub-circuit in such systems is the power converter circuit, which should efficiently transform and store the available energy. In order to obtain the maximum efficiency under varying energy conditions, various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are used. In this work a complete harvesting module with battery management and MPPT is presented, suitable for a plethora of autonomous applications. A novel, low-complexity and ultra-low power consumption design is proposed, which offers very wide operating voltage and power range with high MPPT efficiency and very low power consumption. It can be combined with different harvesters, such as thermoelectric generators or photovoltaic panels and is able to work under widely varying energy conditions. As supported by experimental results, the proposed module covers a very wide working input power range, from 40 µW up to 4 W, as well as a very wide input voltage range, from 650 mV up to 2.8 V with 96.5% average MPPT efficiency and a total power consumption of 3.9 µW at 3.6 V. The module relies on an embedded ultra-low power microcontroller unit (MCU) to perform the power management and MPPT operations, which can also be used for extra tasks (e.g., sensor reading). Using the proposed module, an autonomous sensor node was built, able to acquire acceleration measurements, and wirelessly communicate with a remote user in order to send an alert or stream the acquired sensor data in real time.INDEX TERMS Autonomous sensors, DC-DC converter, digital-to-analog converter, energy harvesting, indoor-outdoor light, Internet of Things, low-power, maximum power point tracking, self-oscillating, wide range.

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A 10 mV-500 mV Input Range, 91.4% Peak Efficiency Adaptive Multi-Mode Boost Converter for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

A ±0.5-mV-Minimum-Input DC-DC Converter With Stepwise Adiabatic Gate-Drive and Efficient Timing Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

A ±0.5-mV-Minimum-Input DC-DC Converter With Stepwise Adiabatic Gate-Drive and Efficient Timing Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

A wide input range, 94% peak efficiency auto‐select multi‐mode boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting

Wide-Range Light Harvesting Module for Autonomous Sensor Nodes

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