A 130nm CMOS Programmable Operational Amplifier

Tomasik, Jakob M.; Hafkemeyer, Kristian M.; Galjan, Wjatscheslaw; Schroeder, Dietmar; Krautschneider, Wolfgang H.

doi:10.1109/norchp.2008.4738277

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The hydrodynamic pushing is crucial in this scheme. With a realistic hydrodynamics, which has been earlier used to uniformly describe the soft RHIC data, our analysis in-dicates that there may be little room for other, truly dynamical, sources of fluctuations, such as (mini)jets [27,50] or the formation of clusters at freezeout [51,52]. Certainly, there are yet other sources of the p T correlations in addition to the afore-mentioned ones, such as the global momentum conservation, resonance decays, correlations from the elementary N N collisions in the corona, however, these should be considered at the "background" mechanism of the size fluctuations described in this paper.…”

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confidence: 99%

Size fluctuations of the initial source and event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

2009

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We show that the event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse size of the initial source, which follow directly from the Glauber treatment of the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, cause, after hydrodynamic evolution, fluctuations of the transverse flow velocity at hadronic freezeout. This in turn leads to event-by-event fluctuations of the average transverse momentum, pT . Simulations with GLISSANDO for the Glauber phase, followed by a realistic hydrodynamic evolution and statistical hadronization carried with THERMINATOR, lead to agreement with the RHIC data. In particular, the magnitude of the effect, its centrality dependence, and the weak dependence on the incident energy are properly reproduced. Our results show that bulk of the observed event-by-event pT fluctuations may be explained by the fluctuations of the size of the initial source. We propose a new mechanism for generating the transverse-momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavyion collisions, based on the fluctuations of the initial size of the formed system and its subsequent hydrodynamic evolution. It is well established that a successful description of the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions is achieved with the help of relativistic hydrodynamics [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12], effective at proper times ranging typically from about a fraction of a fm/c to a few fm/c, where statistical hadronization takes over. Numerous observables can be reproduced that way, such as the momentum spectra, elliptic flow, or the HBT correlation radii [11,12], measuring the system's space-time extension. The initial condition for hydrodynamics is usually obtained from the Glauber approach, leading to the wounded-nucleon picture [13] (a wounded nucleon is a nucleon, that has collided inelastically at least once) or its variants [14,15]. When the initial condition is obtained via Glauber Monte Carlo simulations, its shape fluctuates, simply reflecting the randomness in positions of the nucleons in the colliding nuclei.In this paper we show that the event-by-event fluctuations of the initial size are substantial, even when we consider the class of events with a strictly fixed number of the wounded nucleons, N w . The fluctuations are then carried over by hydrodynamics to the fluctuations of the transverse flow velocity at the hadronic freeze-out, which in turn generate the event-by-event fluctuations of the average transverse momentum, p T , * Supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grants N202 034 32/0918 and N202 249235. of the produced hadrons. The mechanism is very simple: a more squeezed initial condition leads to faster expansion, larger flow, and, consequently, higher p T , while, on the conrary, a more stretched initial condition leads to slower expansion, lower flow, and lower p T . The event-by-event p T fluctuations have been a subject of intense theoretical and experimental studies

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confidence: 99%

Size fluctuations of the initial source and event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

2009

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“…Derived from the specification, a rail-to-rail amplifier with programmable gain is chosen (Tomasik, 2008). Fig.…”

Section: Post-amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated 16-Channel Neural Recording Circuit with SPI Interface and Error Correction Code in 130Nm CMOS Technology

Bahr

Saleh

Schroeder

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies

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Abstract:In the research of neural diseases like epilepsy and schizophrenia genetic mouse models play a very important role. Dysfunctions during early brain development might cause these diseases. The analysis of the brain signals is the key to understand this process and develop treatments. To enable the acquisition of brain signals from neonatal mice, an integrated circuit for neural recording is presented. It is minimized for low area consumption and can be placed in a miniaturized system on the head of the mouse. It is intended to acquire the local field and action potentials from the brain. 16 analog input channels are implemented. The biomedical signals are amplified with analog pre-amplifiers. Two parallel structures of 8:1 multiplexer, post-amplifier and ADC are implemented to digitize the signals. The post-amplifier has programmable gain and high driving capability. The ADC is implemented as a 10 bit SAR ADC. Digital SPI interfacing is used to reduce the number of transmission lines. Reed Solomon Error Correction Coding has been implemented to enable error correction. The mixed-signal integrated circuit has been successfully implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology. It is optimized for low area consumption; the channel density is approximately 10 channels/mm 2 .

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“…The task of the post-amplifier "PostAmp" (Tomasik, 2008) is further amplification of the signal and driving the ADC input. Using an optimized setting of its bias currents, an optimal trade-off between low-power and low-noise operation can be programmed (Tomasik, 2008).…”

Section: Post-amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

A 130nm Asic for Emg Signal Acquisition to Control a Hand Prosthetic

Saleh

Galjan

Tomasik

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices

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A mixed-signal chip in 130nm Technology is described. The chip acquires EMG signals from five differential inputs. The signals are amplified, multiplexed and digitized inside the developed chip. The ASIC is optimised for low power and low noise and is intended for application in medical implants. Furthermore, the chip provides a configuration options for several parameters for the analogue part of the chip. The chip has been tested by recording EMG signals from implanted Myo-Electrodes.

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A 130nm CMOS Programmable Operational Amplifier

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Size fluctuations of the initial source and event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Size fluctuations of the initial source and event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Integrated 16-Channel Neural Recording Circuit with SPI Interface and Error Correction Code in 130Nm CMOS Technology

A 130nm Asic for Emg Signal Acquisition to Control a Hand Prosthetic

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