A 20 ~ 43 GHz VGA with 21.5 dB Gain Tuning Range and Low Phase Variation for 5G Communications in 65-nm CMOS

Wu, Tianjun; Zhao, Chenxi; Liu, Huihua; Wu, Yunqiu; Yu, Yiming

doi:10.1109/rfic.2019.8701807

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The gain control is realized by tuning the tail bias with a 10-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Because the gatedrain capacitance neutralization is realized by the proposed bi-directional core, the phase variation will be suppressed during gain tuning [30]. The proposed VGA achieves 23-dB gain control with less than 3.6 • phase variation at 28 GHz.…”

Section: Active Bi-directional Phase Shiftermentioning

confidence: 98%

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

Pang

Zheng

Kubozoe

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

115

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This article presents a low-cost and area-efficient 28-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer chip for 5G millimeter-wave dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) systems. A neutralized bi-directional technique is introduced in this work to reduce the chip area significantly. With the proposed technique, completely the same circuit chain is shared between the transmitter and receiver. To further minimize the area, an active bi-directional vector-summing phase shifter is also introduced. Area-efficient and high-resolution active phase shifting could be realized in both TX and RX modes. In measurement, the achieved saturated output power for the TX-mode beamformer is 15.1 dBm. The RX-mode noise figure is 4.2 dB at 28 GHz. To evaluate the over-the-air performance, 16 H+16 V sub-array modules are implemented in this work. Each of the sub-array modules consists of four 4 H+4 V chips. Two subarray modules in this work are capable of scanning the beam from −50 • to +50 •. A saturated EIRP of 45.6 dBm is realized by 32 TX-mode beamformers. Within 1-m distance, a maximum SC-mode data rate of 15 Gb/s and the 5G new radio downlink packets transmission in 256-QAM could be supported by the module. A 2 × 2 DP-MIMO communication is also demonstrated with two 5G new radio 64-QAM uplink streams. Thanks to

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Section: Active Bi-directional Phase Shiftermentioning

confidence: 98%

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

Pang

Zheng

Kubozoe

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

115

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“…The simulated gain coverage with transistor process corners is also shown in the figure. Due to the neutralized bi-directional technique, the phase variation during the gain tuning is suppressed by the gate-drain capacitance neutralization [31]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Neutralized Bi-directional Gain Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

A CMOS Dual-Polarized Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Cross-Polarization Leakage Cancellation for 5G MIMO Systems

Pang

Luo

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article introduces a power-efficient and lowcost CMOS 28-GHz phased-array beamformer supporting fifthgeneration (5G) dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) operation. To improve the cross-polarization (crosspol.) isolation degraded by the antennas and propagation, a power-efficient analog-assisted cross-pol. leakage cancellation technique is implemented. After the high-accuracy cancellation, more than 41.3-dB cross-pol. isolation is maintained along with the transmitter array to the receiver array. The element-beamformer in this work adopts the compact neutralized bi-directional architecture featuring a minimized manufacturing cost. The proposed beamformer achieves 22% per path TX-mode efficiency and a 4.9-dB RX-mode noise figure. The required onchip area for the beamformer is only 0.48 mm 2 . In over-the-air measurement, a 64-element dual-polarized phased-array module achieves 52.2-dBm saturated effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). The 5G standard-compliant OFDMA-mode modulated signals of up to 256-QAM could be supported by the 64-element modules. With the help of the cross-pol. leakage cancellation technique, the proposed array module realizes improved DP-MIMO EVMs even under severe polarization coupling and rotation conditions. The measured DP-MIMO EVMs are 3.4% in both 64-QAM and 256-QAM. The consumed power per

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“…The schematic of the linear gain VGA is shown in Figure 1A 10 . M 1 and M 4 are biased with voltage V a , while M 2 and M 3 are biased with voltage V b .…”

Section: Linear Gain Vgamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Reference 9, a VGA with phase compensation technique based on complementary capacitance‐to‐voltage characteristics of NMOS and PMOS is proposed, achieving a gain range of 10.6 dB and a phase variation of 8° in Ka‐band. In Reference 10, a VGA with phase compensation technique based on feedforward signal neutralization is proposed, achieving a gain range of 21.5 dB and a phase variation of 2° in 20 to 37 GHz. The gain of the above VGA is continuously controlled and is very sensitive to the process, supply voltage, and temperature variations (PVT), resulting in low gain control resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 8.5 to 11.6 GHz digitally controlled variable gain amplifier with 15‐dB gain range and 1‐dB step

Zhang

Xing

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A X-band variable gain amplifier (VGA) with low phase variation and high control resolution is presented in 180-nm CMOS. The linear gain VGA and current-type digital-toanalog converter (DAC) are implemented to improve the accuracy of gain control and the robustness against process, supply voltage, and temperature variations (PVT). The measured peak gain and 3-dB bandwidth are 8 dB and 8.5 to 11.6 GHz, respectively. The gain range is 15 dB with a gain step of 1 dB. With a supply voltage varying from 1.6 to 2.0 V, the root-mean-square (RMS) gain and phase errors in 3-dB bandwidth are <0.62 dB and <1.5 , respectively. With supply of 1.8 V, the measured root-meansquare (RMS) gain and phase errors across −25 to 110 C are <0.65 dB and <1.7 , respectively. Comparing the measurement results of five chips, the variation of RMS gain error is <0.24 dB, and the RMS phase errors are almost the same. The measurement results demonstrate the proposed VGA is very suitable for phased arrays in X-band.

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A 20 ~ 43 GHz VGA with 21.5 dB Gain Tuning Range and Low Phase Variation for 5G Communications in 65-nm CMOS

Cited by 54 publications

References 7 publications

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

A CMOS Dual-Polarized Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Cross-Polarization Leakage Cancellation for 5G MIMO Systems

A 8.5 to 11.6 GHz digitally controlled variable gain amplifier with 15‐dB gain range and 1‐dB step

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