A 24-38 GHz CMOS Wideband Frequency Quadrupler for Multi-Band Applications

Self‐starting generation of tri‐band frequencies using a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator‐based optoelectronic oscillator

“…In the applications of modern communications and radars, multi-band frequency generators with high frequency and low phase noise are required to simultaneously perform multiple functions [1][2][3][4], for example, some satellites are equipped with C-band and Ku-band transponders for fixed service communication and direct-to-home reception of high definition TV signals [3]. The two approaches of frequency synthesisers and frequency multiplying are traditionally used for multi-frequency generation [5,6]. In the former method, a large number of phase-locked loops (PLLs) are indispensable [5], which results in an increased cost and complexity for the system.…”

“…In the former method, a large number of phase-locked loops (PLLs) are indispensable [5], which results in an increased cost and complexity for the system. In the frequency multiplying scheme, several stages of frequency doubling are usually employed, which leads to a serious deterioration in phase noise [6]. Furthermore, the frequency generated with the two methods is limited due to the restriction of electronic bottleneck.…”