A 24-to-30GHz 256-Element Dual-Polarized 5G Phased Array with Fast Beam-Switching Support for &gt;30,000 Beams

Sadhu, Bodhisatwa; Paidimarri, Arun; Lee, Wooram; Yeck, Mark; Özdağ, Çağlar; Tojo, Yujiro; Plouchart, J.-O.; Gu, Xiaoxiong; Uemichi, Yusuke; Chakraborty, Sudipto; Yamaguchi, Yo; Guan, Ning; Valdes‐Garcia, Alberto

doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731778

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To reduce the loss, some state-of-the-art designs propose to integrate the T/R SW in the matching networks. However, the use of transmission lines in [30] and [37] brings area penalties and high losses. The triple-coil transformer in [31] provides a compact solution but it creates complexity for realization.…”

Section: Tx/rx Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 23-GHz TX/LNA Front-End Module for Inter-Satellite Links With 27.8% Peak Efficiency in the TX Path and 3.1-dB NF in the RX Path

Ding,

Vidojkovic,

Milosevic

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article presents a 23-GHz transmitter/lownoise amplifier (TX/LNA) front-end module (FEM) in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS for inter-satellite links (ISLs) in the system of orbiting low-frequency antenna array (OLFAR). The FEM consists of an LNA, a power amplifier (PA), a variable-gain amplifier (VGA), a phase shifter (PS), and a TX/receiver switch (T/R SW). By applying the combination of different techniques: 1) multi-function block design strategy; 2) current reuse and g m boosting implemented by a triple-coil transformer in the LNA; 3) dual-LC-tank-based integrated T/R SW, a compact FEM is achieved, simultaneously with an advanced-state-of-theart efficiency in the TX path and a competitive noise figure (NF) in the receiver (RX) path. In the TX path, it demonstrates a measured saturated output power (P sat ) of 16.8 dBm, a peak TX efficiency of 27.8%, and a 34.1-dB gain. It supports 900-Mbps 64-QAM signals with 4.9% error vector magnitude (EVM) and −27.5-dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), at 9.0-dBm output power (P out ) with 8.8% TX efficiency. In the RX path, an NF of 3.1 dB and an input 1-dB compression point (IP 1 dB ) of −19.4 dBm are achieved with a 19.3-dB gain and a 10-mW power consumption. The core chip area is 1.11 × 0.48 mm.

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Section: Tx/rx Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 23-GHz TX/LNA Front-End Module for Inter-Satellite Links With 27.8% Peak Efficiency in the TX Path and 3.1-dB NF in the RX Path

Ding,

Vidojkovic,

Milosevic

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Rough beamforming is often used for initial access, but it is a factor of characteristic deterioration because the beam direction is not properly directed to the UE. In recent years, a phased array antenna module that can adjust the beam direction in 1-degree increments was also developed [ 24 ], so we basically considered fine beamforming in the evaluations. The antenna polarization was single polarization.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-Driven Relay Beamforming for mmWave Massive Analog-Relay MIMO

Iwabuchi

Ramamoorthi

Sakaguchi

2023

Sensors

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Sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) aims to further improve capacity and reliability by controlling the radio propagation environment. Millimeter wave (mmWave) high-frequency band communication offers large bandwidth at the cost of high attenuation, even for smaller distances. Due to this, fewer multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) multiplexing is possible at the base station (BS). Distributed analog relay nodes with beamforming capability improve the received power and MIMO multiplexing of mmWave communication. Due to limited signal processing, the analog relay node cannot perform beam search and tracking using these mmWave reference signals. The beam search and tracking are possible at BS or user equipment at the cost of increased control overhead. To reduce this overhead and provide relay-based 6G communication, we propose user-driven relay beamforming methods which can obtain the benefits of a massive analog relay MIMO. Assuming vehicular-to-everything (V2X) as a 6G application, we considered a relay-beam control method that uses the user information (location, velocity, acceleration, and direction of the terminal) contained in intelligent transport systems (ITS) messages called Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM). Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the overhead and the obtains benefits of the massive analog-relay MIMO. Furthermore, the accuracy of CAM’s location information, the control period, and the effects of UE mobility are evaluated and presented. The results also show that the proposed method can work effectively in future V2X applications.

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“…Limited by the drastically increased free-space path loss (FSPL), the beamforming technique based on large-scale phased arrays is mandatory to reach a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over long-distance communication. Widespread studies have been focused on the 5G mm-wave phased arrays in the past few years [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]. The high-performance phased-array system should feature high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) for maintaining the link budget and compact system design to adapt to the narrowed antenna pitch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 39-GHz CMOS Bidirectional Doherty Phased- Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD With Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base Station

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article demonstrates a 39-GHz CMOS phasedarray beamformer aiming for power-efficient and area-efficient fifth-generation (5G) dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (DP-MIMO) applications. To address the digital pre-distortion (DPD) implementation issue in the massive beamformer elements with Doherty technique integrated, an inter-element mismatch compensation technique is introduced for improving the shared-lookup table (LUT) DPD performance over the process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. A bidirectional Doherty power amplifier (PA)-LNA is proposed to enhance the power back-off (PBO) efficiency regarding the high peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) 5G signals, meanwhile cost down the system by the unbalanced neutralized bidirectional operation. The proposed phased-array beamformer chip is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology and packaged in a wafer-level chip-scale package (WLCSP). Each element occupies only a 0.82-mm 2 chip area, including the on-chip low-dropout regulator (LDO). The measured stand-alone Doherty PA-LNA achieves 18.9-dBm saturated output power with 17.8% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 6-dB PBO in PA mode and obtains a 4.8-dB noise figure (NF) at 40 GHz in LNA mode. By utilizing the proposed mismatch compensation, the measured 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiple access Manuscript

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A 24-to-30GHz 256-Element Dual-Polarized 5G Phased Array with Fast Beam-Switching Support for >30,000 Beams

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

A 23-GHz TX/LNA Front-End Module for Inter-Satellite Links With 27.8% Peak Efficiency in the TX Path and 3.1-dB NF in the RX Path

A 23-GHz TX/LNA Front-End Module for Inter-Satellite Links With 27.8% Peak Efficiency in the TX Path and 3.1-dB NF in the RX Path

User-Driven Relay Beamforming for mmWave Massive Analog-Relay MIMO

A 39-GHz CMOS Bidirectional Doherty Phased- Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD With Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base Station

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