A 24GHz low power and low phase noise PLL frequency synthesizer with constant K<inf>VCO</inf> for 60GHz wireless applications

Abstract

In this paper, a fully integrated 24GHz integer-N PLL for a 60GHz wireless transceiver is presented. A VCO with tail-feedback technique is used to improve the phase noise by modulating the tail current, and a switched varactor array is also adopted together with a switched capacitor array to compensate the variation of K VCO over different bands. Moreover, benefiting from the careful optimization of CML pre-scaling divider, the PLL operates correctly when VCO buffer is turned off, coming up with an extremely low power. The whole PLL is fabricated in standard 90-nm process. Measurement shows that the VCO achieves a phase noise of -102dBc/Hz@1MHz offset with a tuning range of over 16%. The K VCO variation over all bands is less than 16%. In close-loop operation mode the PLL shows an integrated phase error of 3.3°rms (from 100kHz to 100MHz) over prescribed frequency bands, and a total power dissipation of only 26mW.Index Terms -PLL, VCO, low power, phase noise, 24GHz.

A 5.67-8.75GHz LC VCO with small gain variation for 2.4GHz-band WLAN applications

“…Many methods to obtain small gain variation have been reported in references [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. It can be seen from Eq.…”

“…(2) that the VCO gain increases as the oscillation frequency, f OSC , increases, and an approximately constant gain can be obtained by increasing ∂C var /∂V tune for compensation. Therefore, references [15,16,17] use programmable varactor arrays to compensate for VCO gain. A 3-bit varactor array used for gain compensation is proposed in [17].…”