A 3‐D Printed PCB Integrated TEM Horn Antenna

Miralles, Enrique; Schoenlinner, Bernhard; Belenguer, Ángel; Esteban, H.; Ziegler, Volker

doi:10.1029/2018rs006594

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Ref. [27] Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is used to make a 3‐D printed transverse electromagnetic mode horn, which is clamped at the edge of a Parallel Plate Waveguide transmission line. The design is open with limited mechanical supporting structures for the horn, compromising the stability of the structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of robust and low‐loss 3‐D printed double‐ridged waveguide to microstrip transition

Eriksrod

Kjelgård

Lande

2022

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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In this paper, we present a new microstrip to waveguide transition design for interfacing printed circuit board (PCB) microstrip transmission lines with 3-D printed metallisedplastic waveguide components. Compared with traditional metal waveguides, interfacing with plastic-based waveguides are challenging due to thermal and mechanical constraints. Despite the development of 3-D printing technology, the precision of 3-D printed waveguides is not as good as the machined metal counterparts. This is critical for microwave components and must be considered in the design process. To minimise the effect of non-ideal waveguide components, a design methodology minimising sensitivity to geometrical variations in the 3-D printed parts is proposed. By sandwiching the PCB between two waveguide sections and optimising the waveguide impedance transformation geometry, the design shows very low insertion loss. It is mechanically robust, cost effective and simple to manufacture. In full system integration, this transition design eliminates the need for expensive microwave cabling and connectors by directly mounting the waveguide to the microwave transceiver PCB. The proof-of-concept transition structure presented in this paper is suitable for microwave applications where low cost and low weight are critical, for example, drone-based radars for remote sensing and space-born satellites. The fabricated structure is characterised using two sets of waveguide components manufactured with different 3-D printing technology and metallisation process': conductive spray painted Fused Deposition Modelling-Polylactic Acid (PLA Painted) and copper electroplated Stereolithography (SLA Plated). Scattering parameters for both types are measured in a short and back-to-back configuration, obtaining the reflection coefficient and insertion loss. Measurements indicate good agreement with modelling and measured performance exceeding prior art. The measured operation band of the Copper-SLA version is 2.9-7.2 GHz with <−10 dB reflection coefficient (S11) and with an insertion loss (S21) of <0.7 dB. With the reduced metallisation and surface quality of the Spray-PLA model, the band is shifted to 3.0-8.0 GHz with an increased S21 of <1.8 dB. The results demonstrate the importance of adopting new transition structures for 3-D printed microwave components where the surface roughness, metallisation quality, and mechanical properties are less optimal. By combining the proposed design with 3-D printed metallised microwave components, very light weight and cost-effective antenna systems can be implemented. Radiation measurements of a 3-D printed double ridge horn antenna connected to the waveguide and used as a feed are also presented, where the operation band is measured to 3-10 GHz with a gain of 5-10 dBi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCB-DRW SLA cond. spray 2-3 dB 2.0-6.5 [22,26] PCB-PPW DMLS 1-3 dB 7-18 [27] Abbreviations: PCB-DRW, printed circuit board-double-ridged waveguide; PCB-PPW, printed circuit board-Parallel Plate Waveguide.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of robust and low‐loss 3‐D printed double‐ridged waveguide to microstrip transition

Eriksrod

Kjelgård

Lande

2022

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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“…Although the final product (antenna) to be connected in physical satellite should have CNC‐based manufacturing with good metal such as aluminum, 3D printing technology and metal spray coating, which are recently popular additive manufacturing techniques for fast and cheap prototype production, and verification of antennas or microwave components (Asci & Yegin, 2020, 2021; Carkaci & Secmen, 2020; Miralles et al., 2019), are realized in this study. Therefore, in order to make the simulation results consistent with measurement results, the material parameters and thickness of metal spray coating are inserted in simulations performed by CST MWS.…”

Section: The Design Steps and Overall Structure Of The Proposed Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Waveguide Feed Omnidirectional and Circularly Polarized Transceiver Waveguide Slot Antenna for Satellite Communication Applications

2022

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In this study, an omnidirectional and circularly polarized transceiver antenna, which can be used in simultaneous operations over transmit (TX) and receive (RX) channels for telemetry, tracking, and command (TTC) applications on the space segment of satellite communication, is proposed. The radiation and feed parts of the antenna consist of waveguide structures for high power necessity in transmit (telemetry) section. The radiation part includes two different sections of rotationally symmetric slotted arrays on circular waveguide, and radially outward metallic disks to improve omnidirectionality and circular polarization. The feed part contains a dual‐band mod converter from rectangular TE10 mode to circular TM01 mode for symmetric field excitation over slots where the input of the converter is the standard rectangular waveguide. The design, simulation, and measurement results of the antenna are shown over a 3D printed prototype at Ku‐band with center frequencies of 12 GHz and 14.25 GHz for TX and RX, respectively. With thin slots in telemetry section and thick slots in telecommand section, measured bandwidths for TX and RX frequencies are obtained approximately as 200 and 450 MHz, respectively. While TX band with maximum 3 dB gain variation over azimuth, maximum 3 dB axial ratio and minimum −3 dBi gain over 70° elevation beamwidth has relatively better performances at the expense of narrow bandwidth, RX band has maximum 3.5 dB gain variation over azimuth, maximum 4 dB axial ratio and minimum −6 dBi gain over 55° elevation beamwidth at the expense of wide bandwidth.

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“…Due to their remarkable radiation features, including symmetrical patterns with no dispersion, high gain, broadband characteristics, and ease of fabrication, metallic parallel plate waveguide theory-based [ 1 ] transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antennas have been utilized extensively in a variety of applications, e.g., broadband communication system, satellite tracking, radar, electromagnetic pulse radiator, and radiation measurements [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. A coaxial cable, a microstrip line, or a substrate-integrated waveguide were proposed as general feeding topologies in a horn antenna [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Wideband Double-Slot Microstrip Feed Engraved TEM Horn Strip Antennas on a Multilayer Substrate Board for in Bed Resting Body Positions Determination Based on Artificial Intelligence

Ghimire

Kim

Choi

2022

Sensors

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In this paper, a horn-shaped strip antenna exponentially tapered carved on a multilayer dielectric substrate for an indoor body position tracking system is proposed. The performance of the proposed antenna was verified by testing it as a tracking state of an indoor resting body position. Among different feeding techniques, the uniplanar T-junction power divider approach is used. The performance verification of the proposed antenna is explained through its compact size and 3D shape, along with a performance comparison of the return loss radiation pattern and the realized gain. The suggested antenna has an 88.88% fractional bandwidth and a return loss between 6 and 15.6 GHz, with a maximum gain of 9.46 dBi in the 9.5 GHz region. Within the intended band, the radiation pattern had an excellent directivity characteristics. The proposed antenna was connected to an NVA-R661 module of Xethru Inc. for sleeping body position tracking. The performance of the antenna is measured through microwave imagining of the state of the resting body in various sleeping positions on the bed using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The predicted outcomes clearly define the antenna’s performance and could be used for sensing and prediction purposes.

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A 3‐D Printed PCB Integrated TEM Horn Antenna

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Design of robust and low‐loss 3‐D printed double‐ridged waveguide to microstrip transition

Design of robust and low‐loss 3‐D printed double‐ridged waveguide to microstrip transition

Single Waveguide Feed Omnidirectional and Circularly Polarized Transceiver Waveguide Slot Antenna for Satellite Communication Applications

Compact Wideband Double-Slot Microstrip Feed Engraved TEM Horn Strip Antennas on a Multilayer Substrate Board for in Bed Resting Body Positions Determination Based on Artificial Intelligence

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